Improved Rechargeability of Lithium Metal Anode via Controlling Lithium‐Ion Flux

Xiang, Jingwei; Yuan, Lixia; Shen, Yue; Cheng, Zexiao; Yuan, Kai; Guo, Zezhou; Zhang, Yi; Chen, Xin; Huang, Yunhui

doi:10.1002/aenm.201802352

Cited by 110 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…The Au nanoparticles were of 5-10 nm in diameter and had a lattice spacing of ≈0.235 nm corresponding to the (111) plane of Au (Figure 2d). [42] The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern (inset of Figure 2d) presents the diffraction rings of Au nanocrystal, agreeing with the XRD results. The Au distribution in the Au/CF host was further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental maps.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Sodiophilically Graded Gold Coating on Carbon Skeletons for Highly Stable Sodium Metal Anodes

Zou

Ihsan‐Ul‐Haq

et al. 2020

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Metallic sodium (Na) is an appealing anode material for high‐energy Na batteries. However, Na metal suffers from low coulombic efficiencies and severe dendrite growth during plating/stripping cycles, causing short circuits. As an effective strategy to improve the deposition behavior of Na metal, a 3D carbon foam is developed that is sputter‐coated with gold nanoparticles (Au/CF), forming a functional gradient through its thickness. The highly porous Au/CF host is proven to have gradually varying sodiophilicity, which in turn facilitates initially preferential Na deposition on the gold‐rich, sodiophilic region in a “bottom‐up growth” mode, leading to uniform plating over the entire Au/CF host. This finding contrasts with dendrite formation in the pristine CF host, as proven by in situ microscopy. The Na‐predeposited Au/CF (Na@Au/CF) composite anode operates steadily for 1000 h at a low overpotential of ≈20 mV at 2 mA cm−2 in a symmetric cell. When the composite anode is coupled with a Na3V2(PO4)2F3 cathode, the full cell has a high capacity of 102.1 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 2 C. The sodiophilicity gradient design that is explored in this study offers new insight into developing porous Na metal hosts with highly stable plating/stripping performance for next‐generation Na batteries.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Sodiophilically Graded Gold Coating on Carbon Skeletons for Highly Stable Sodium Metal Anodes

Zou

Ihsan‐Ul‐Haq

et al. 2020

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“…Energy Mater. [28,46] The previous study also showed that the homogeneous Li-ion flux distribution favors lateral directional Li plating with plating cycles leading to a layer-by-layer film growth. In contrast, uniform deposition and smooth morphology with no obvious Li dendrites were observed for the graphite-SiO 2 Li.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the surface topography and measure Young's modulus mapping of bare Li and graphite-SiO 2 Li. [7c, 27,28] Local high electric field and high lithiumion flux accelerate nucleation and growth of Li at the local points which gradually change into the dendritic Li. The surface roughness values of the bare Li and graphite-SiO 2 Li were compared by measuring the average surface root mean square (RMS) via high-resolution AFM.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrathin Bilayer of Graphite/SiO₂ as Solid Interface for Reviving Li Metal Anode

Pathak

Chen

Gurung

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

137

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3860 mAh g −1 ), low redox potential (−3.04 V vs standard hydrogen electrode) and high capability to be coupled with high-voltage and/or high-capacity cathode materials. [1] However, the practical application of Li as an anode in rechargeable lithium batteries is still hindered by the uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites, low Coulombic efficiency (CE), and limited cycle life. [2] Numerous efforts have been made to address these issues. One of the strategies focuses on the design of suitable electrolytes by optimizing the concentration, [3] adding additives and fillers, [4] engineering highmodulus solid electrolytes and polymer electrolytes. [5] These advanced electrolytes are expected to have excellent electrochemical stability on the Li electrode and higher Young's modulus to resist the dendrite growth. [6] Further, developing stable host materials and nanostructured scaffolds to accommodate Li during the plating process has been employed to address the issues of large volume changes during lithium plating/stripping. [7] Recently, developing an artificial interfacial layer between the electrolyte and Li metal electrode has attracted tremendous attention in lithium metal batteries (LMBs). The interfacial layer can prevent side reactions, enable fast Li-ion diffusion, and suppress the Li dendrite growth for the efficient operation of Li metal anode. The side reactions and interfacial instability of Li metal lead to significant consumption of electrolyte. As a result, the resistance of the Li metal cell increases that leads to overpotential and ultimately short cell lifespan. Previous studies showed that various ceramics such as SiO 2 , TiO 2 , SnO 2 , and Al 2 O 3 are very promising interfacial layers to buffer the volumetric expansion of the anode. [8] Such ceramic layers are able to conduct Li + and block electron transport. [9] Lithiated multiwall carbon nanotubes and multilayered graphene with high mechanical rigidity have been reported as a controlled Li diffusion interface. [10] In addition, glass fibers, silica sandwiched between two separators, and silica@poly(methyl methacrylate) (SiO 2 @PMMA) nanosphere-modified Cu electrode has also been studied. [7c,11] These artificial layers improve wettability toward electrolyte, reduce the concentration of Li ions, and react with growing Li to suppress the dendrites. Organic/inorganic Lithium metal anodes are expected to drive practical applications that require high energy-density storage. However, the direct use of metallic lithium causes safety concerns, low rate capabilities, and poor cycling performance due to unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and undesired lithium dendrite growth. To address these issues, a radio frequency sputtered graphite-SiO 2 ultrathin bilayer on a Li metal chips is demonstrated, for the first time, as an effective SEI layer. This leads to a dendrite free uniform Li deposition to achieve a stable voltage profile and outstanding long hours plating/stripping compared to the bare Li. Compared to a bare Li anode, the graph...

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“…The underlying lithiophilic ZnO/CNTs layer stabilized SEI and inhibited dendrite growth simultaneously, while the upper lithiophobic CNTs layer with high modulus could suppress the mossy dendrite from impaling. In addition, Huang and co‐workers embedded Au NPs on CNFs electrodes on the side away from the separator (Figure b) . Au NPs could react with Li to form a lithiopholic solid solution buffer layer to guide decreased Li + flux from Li side to separator side, which could avoid short circuit and achieve compact deposition morphology.…”

Section: Controlling Li+ Flux For Dendrite‐free LI Metal Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Controlling Li+ Flux For Dendrite‐free LI Metal Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling Li Ion Flux through Materials Innovation for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes

Wang

Ren

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

130

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Lithium (Li) metal with high theoretical capacity and the lowest electrochemical potential has been proposed as the ideal anode for high-energy-density rechargeable battery systems. However, the practical commercialization of Li metal anodes is precluded by a short lifespan and safety problems caused by their intrinsically high reductivity, infinite volume change, and uncontrollable dendrite growth during deposition and dissolution processes. Plenty of strategies have been introduced to solve the above-mentioned problems. Among these, controlling Li + flux plays a vital role to directly influence the plating and stripping process. In this work, the fundamental effect of Li + flux distribution on Li nucleation and early dendrite growth is discussed. Then, recent strategies of controlling Li + flux to suppress dendrite formation and growth through materials design are summarized, including homogenizing Li + flux, localizing Li + flux, and guiding gradient Li + distribution. Finally, underexplored materials are proposed and explored to control Li + flux and further directions for dendrite-free Li anodes. It is expected that this progress report will help to deepen the understanding of Li + flow tuning and morphology control of Li anodes and eventually facilitate the practical application of Li metal batteries.

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Improved Rechargeability of Lithium Metal Anode via Controlling Lithium‐Ion Flux

Cited by 110 publications

References 39 publications

Sodiophilically Graded Gold Coating on Carbon Skeletons for Highly Stable Sodium Metal Anodes

Sodiophilically Graded Gold Coating on Carbon Skeletons for Highly Stable Sodium Metal Anodes

Ultrathin Bilayer of Graphite/SiO₂ as Solid Interface for Reviving Li Metal Anode

Controlling Li Ion Flux through Materials Innovation for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes

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Improved Rechargeability of Lithium Metal Anode via Controlling Lithium‐Ion Flux

Cited by 110 publications

References 39 publications

Sodiophilically Graded Gold Coating on Carbon Skeletons for Highly Stable Sodium Metal Anodes

Sodiophilically Graded Gold Coating on Carbon Skeletons for Highly Stable Sodium Metal Anodes

Ultrathin Bilayer of Graphite/SiO2 as Solid Interface for Reviving Li Metal Anode

Controlling Li Ion Flux through Materials Innovation for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes

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Ultrathin Bilayer of Graphite/SiO₂ as Solid Interface for Reviving Li Metal Anode