Improved pregnancy rates and outcome with gamete intrafallopian transfer when follicular fluid is used as sperm capacitation and gamete transfer medium

Sperm motility stimulation and preservation with various concentrations of follicular fluid

“…Although clinical application of the follicular fluid may be limited by its biological nature, the fluid may be applied in assisted reproduction technology to stimulate or select good spermatozoa for the procedures. Previous studies reported successful intrauterine insemination and in vitro fertilization programmes with follicular fluid use [16][17][18].…”

Embryo Cleavage Rates after Oocyte Insemination with Capacitated Sperms in the Presence or Absence of Follicular Fluid

“…On the other hand, some authors have emphasized the good results obtained in terms of pregnancy rates by pre paring spermatozoa with FF and then using them in GIFT [23,24] and intrauterine insemination [25] procedures. Although it was not within the scope of the present paper to determine whether embryos obtained with spermato zoa prepared in FF would alter pregnancy rates, we observed that spermatozoa incubated with FF on a shortor long-term basis did not produce a larger number of embryos than spermatozoa prepared without passage through FF.…”

“…These models are used in IVF assays [15], in the observation of the acrosome reaction [3,[10][11][12]16,17], in the alterations of spermatozoa motil ity [ 14,[18][19][20], in experiments using the hamster test [ 10,21,22], and in clinical evaluations comparing the preg nancy rates obtained by GIFT procedures [23,24] and by intrauterine insemination [25]. However, these studies are not uniform in terms of important variables that might affect the final results, such as culture medium, FF concentration, incubation time, and presence or absence of FF inactivation.…”

The detection of blood contamination in human follicular fluid

“…It has been used in intrauterine insemination, gamete intrafallopian tube transfer (GIFT), and subzonal insemination techniques and as a transfer, preincubation, or acrosome reaction-inducing medium (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). hFF has also been used as a successful serum substitute for media supplementation (6).…”