Improved performance of ammonia-fueled solid oxide fuel cell with SSZ thin film electrolyte and Ni-SSZ anode functional layer

Liu, Limin; Sun, Kening; Wu, Xiaoyan; Li, Xiaokun; Zhang, Ming; Zhang, Naiqing; Zhou, Xiaoliang

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.04.101

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Note that twice start‐and‐stop operation at 310 and 580 h did not have a large effect on the durability of the stack. Moreover, NO X species (NO, N 2 O, NO 2 ) were not detected in the exhaust gas from the SOFC stack during the stability test, which corresponded to the results in previous studies . Therefore, the direct NH 3 ‐fueled SOFC system proved to be a promising power generation device with high electrical efficiency and stability.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Comparative Study of Ammonia‐fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems

et al. 2017

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Several solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems can be considered for the NH3 utilization. In this study, the catalytic activity and long‐term stability of the NH3 decomposition reactor with the Ni/Y2O3‐based catalysts and the autothermal NH3 cracker with the Co–Ce–Zr composite oxide catalyst were investigated. Moreover, the NH3 decomposition reactor and the autothermal NH3 cracker were combined with the SOFC stack and their performances of the stack were compared to those fueled with NH3 and H2/N2. The power output of each SOFC stack was over 200 W. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the direct NH3‐fueled SOFC stack was stable for 1,000 h at 770 °C without significant degradation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Comparative Study of Ammonia‐fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems

et al. 2017

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“…This will be beneficial for the direct use of ammonia fuel and the construction of simplified generation system. Therefore, much effort has been devoted to enhance the performance of direct ammonia-fuelled SOFCs employing oxide-ion [18][19][20][21] or proton [22][23][24][25][26] conducting electrolytes. * Electrochemical Society Active Member.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrochemical and Catalytic Behaviors of Ni–YSZ Anode for the Direct Utilization of Ammonia Fuel in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Molouk

Okanishi

Muroyama

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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In this study the electrochemical performances of Ni-YSZ anode in humidified H 2 , NH 3 and CH 4 fuels were compared under almost the same partial pressure of oxygen at 500-800 • C. The cell performance was significantly affected by fuel species and operating temperature. The single cell exhibited higher performance in wet NH 3 as compared with that in CH 4 , which was caused by the difference in the catalytic activity of anode for the hydrogen production in wet NH 3 and CH 4 . Thus, it was clarified that NH 3 is a preferable fuel rather than CH 4 for the direct use in SOFCs. Furthermore, the kinetics study on ammonia decomposition over Ni-YSZ anode was conducted at 600 • C. Although the ammonia decomposition increased with increasing ammonia concentration, the decomposition reduced in the presence of hydrogen in the reactant gas. Such a behavior was not confirmed at 850 • C. These results indicated the inhibition effect of hydrogen for ammonia decomposition, which will be the key factor for the design of anode and the operating condition setting. Nowadays one of the most important challenges is producing energy from clean, renewable, durable, efficient and economically feasible sources. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) meet these goals. Variety of fuels can be used without the external reforming process because of high operating temperature of SOFCs. [1][2][3] Hydrogen is an ideal energy carrier and water is the only product of its combustion. For the massive utilization of hydrogen, however, there are still some difficulties in production, transportation, storage, and safety control. 4,5 Therefore, it is important to use hydrogen containing chemicals such as methane, ethanol and ammonia as alternative fuels.Methane has been studied extensively as a fuel for direct internal reforming SOFCs due to higher energy density compared to hydrogen. In SOFCs, Ni-based cermet anodes such as Ni-YSZ are widely used because nickel is a good catalyst for methane steam reforming as well as electrochemical hydrogen oxidation. However, the low tolerance to carbon deposition of Ni-based cermets is the main obstacle for the direct use of methane. In most of cases, the excess amount of steam is added to the fuel gas to prevent the coke formation, leading to the reduction in the energy conversion efficiency. The development of alternative anodes such as copper-based and perovskite-based materials will be a fundamental solution to this matter. 6,7 At the current state, however, the catalytic activity of these anodes for methane steam reforming is not sufficiently high. [8][9][10] The cell performance is also insufficient for the practical application since this catalytic activity significantly affects the hydrogen concentration in the vicinity of anode. 11,12 Recently ammonia was proven as one of the promising hydrogen carriers for SOFCs because of following reasons; high energy density comparable to that of methane, 4 carbon free, ease in liquefaction at ambient temperature, low production cost, and ease in leakage detection. [13][14]...

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“…The preceding results unequivocally demonstrate that HMFCs exhibit superior fuel cell performances to other fuel cell systems by direct NH 3 feeds. For direct comparison, electrochemical performances of the direct ammonia type PCFCs and SOFCs reported in recent studies are summarized in Table 2 . To best of our knowledge, the highest P max at 600 °C (0.4 W cm −2 ) is achieved by an anode‐supported SOFC comprising 20 µm thick Ce 0.9 Sm 0.1 O 2 electrolyte and Ni‐Ce 0.9 Sm 0.1 O 2 cermet anode .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Efficiency Direct Ammonia Fuel Cells Based on BaZr_0.1Ce_0.7Y_0.2O₃₋_δ/Pd Oxide‐Metal Junctions

et al. 2017

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natural power electricity without relying on fossil fuels, and thus a fierce development race is going on to make "clean hydrogen" economically and technologically viable. Advent of hydrogen economy, however, cannot be realized until technical issues related to hydrogen production, transportation, and a storage infrastructure are clear. Ammonia is a highly efficient hydrogen carrier since it can be easily liquefied to store and transport at room temperature, is widely available, is carbon-free, and has hydrogen capacity larger than the liquid hydrogen. [1][2][3][4] Hence, it is strongly motivated to utilize ammonia in fuel cells for the direct conversion of ammonia chemical energy to electricity in a high efficiency. The proton conducting ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) using protonconducting oxide electrolytes, such as BaZr x Ce 0.8−x Y 0.2 O 3−δ, is promising as a direct ammonia type fuel cell operating at the intermediate temperature (IT) range (400-600 °C) for stationary applications. [4][5][6][7][8][9] Because water formation in PCFCs is mainly progressive at the cathode side, unlike solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), and therefore, mixing of the ammonia fuels into the exhaust water is precluded, thereby eliminating repurification of water exhaust and simplifying total systems. Moreover, formation of environmentally hazardous substances NO x at the anode is discouraged if the proton conductivity is much higher than the minor oxide ion conductivity.Although the resistivity and related activation energy of proton conductors are smaller than oxide ion conductors used in SOFCs, the performances of the current PCFCs, however, are far behind the SOFCs even with pure H 2 fuels because of large interfacial polarization due to a lack of suitable cathode [10][11][12][13][14] and the deteriorated microstructural electrolyte. [15][16][17][18] Meanwhile, exceptionally high power output has been reported in the IT range for hydrogen membrane fuel cell (HMFC), [19][20][21][22][23] which comprises a thin proton conducting ceramic electrolyte supported on a dense hydrogen permeable metal anode with the anode reactions driven by separation of the monoatomic hydrogen dissolves into protons and electrons at electrolyte/ nonporous-anode solid-solid interfaces (Figure 1a). Regardless of its simple cell structure, the HMFC based on BaCe 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3 (BCY) thin film and Pd foil has achieved the maximum power density of 1.4 W cm −2 at 600 °C, [19,20] which is still higher than the average performances of recently reported highly efficiency PCFCs at the temperatures. [24][25][26][27] Here, we report on the highly

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Improved performance of ammonia-fueled solid oxide fuel cell with SSZ thin film electrolyte and Ni-SSZ anode functional layer

Cited by 42 publications

References 40 publications

Comparative Study of Ammonia‐fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems

Comparative Study of Ammonia‐fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems

Electrochemical and Catalytic Behaviors of Ni–YSZ Anode for the Direct Utilization of Ammonia Fuel in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

High‐Efficiency Direct Ammonia Fuel Cells Based on BaZr_0.1Ce_0.7Y_0.2O₃₋_δ/Pd Oxide‐Metal Junctions

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Improved performance of ammonia-fueled solid oxide fuel cell with SSZ thin film electrolyte and Ni-SSZ anode functional layer

Cited by 42 publications

References 40 publications

Comparative Study of Ammonia‐fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems

Comparative Study of Ammonia‐fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems

Electrochemical and Catalytic Behaviors of Ni–YSZ Anode for the Direct Utilization of Ammonia Fuel in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

High‐Efficiency Direct Ammonia Fuel Cells Based on BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O3−δ/Pd Oxide‐Metal Junctions

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High‐Efficiency Direct Ammonia Fuel Cells Based on BaZr_0.1Ce_0.7Y_0.2O₃₋_δ/Pd Oxide‐Metal Junctions