Comparative Study of Ammonia‐fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems

Okanishi, Takeou; Okura, Keisho; Srifa, Atthapon; Muroyama, Hiroki; Matsui, Toshiaki; Kishimoto, Masashi; Saito, Motohiro; Iwai, Hiroshi; Yoshida, Hideo; Koide, Tomoyo; Suzuki, Shinsuke; Takahashi, Yosuke; Horiuchi, Toshitaka; Yamasaki, Hajime; Matsumoto, Shigeji; Yumoto, Shuji; Kubo, Hidehito; Kawahara, Jun; Okabe, Akihiro; Kikkawa, Yuuki; Isomura, Takenori; Eguchi, Koichi

doi:10.1002/fuce.201600165

Cited by 85 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In our previous report, the supported catalyst of SrO‐Ni/Y 2 O 3 for ammonia decomposition was developed and investigated . It was found that the strong basic property of SrO as an additive enhanced ammonia decomposition , and almost 100% ammonia was decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen at 650 °C at a space velocity (SV) of 2,400 h −1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Noble metals, such as Pt, Pd, Ru, and Rh have been recognized as highly active catalysts for ammonia oxidation , . In our previous report , a Co‐Ce‐Zr composite oxide catalyst for the autothermal ammonia cracking was demonstrated. The catalyst was operated at an air‐to‐fuel ratio (AFR) of 0.75 for 1,000 h and showed a stable ammonia conversion of ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Ruthenium was reported as among the most effective and stable catalyst for the ammonia decomposition ; however, its limited availability and hence the higher cost requires further development of alternative catalysts with high activity and abundance. In our previous report , a Ni/Y 2 O 3 ‐based catalyst was developed and the addition of SrO was found to enhance catalytic activity because of its strong basic property. Also, the stability of the catalyst was confirmed for 1,000 h under ammonia atmosphere at 700 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is still unclear if the insights obtained from the experiments using the button cells are applicable to the commercial‐size SOFC stacks. In our research group, the ammonia‐fueled SOFC stacks consisting of 10 anode‐supported planar cells with an active area of 95 cm 2 were operated in the following three modes: direct ammonia supply, external decomposition supply and autothermal decomposition supply . The catalysts for the external ammonia decomposition and the autothermal ammonia decomposition were developed and their stability was confirmed for 1,000 h. Also, an SOFC stack fueled with the direct ammonia supply was successfully operated with an electrical output of ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of 1 kW‐class Ammonia‐fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack

et al. 2020

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Power generation performance and long‐term durability of ammonia‐fueled solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems are investigated with SOFC stacks consisting of 30 planar anode‐supported cells. SOFC systems with three different operation modes are employed: direct ammonia, external decomposition and autothermal decomposition. A novel BaO/Ni/Sm2O3/MgO catalyst is newly developed for the external ammonia cracker, whereas a Co‐Ce‐Zr composite oxide catalyst is used for the autothermal ammonia cracker. Initial performance measurement and 1,000 h long‐term durability test of the stacks are conducted. The stack fueled with direct ammonia achieves 1 kW power output with 52% direct current (DC) electrical efficiency; a slight decrease in its performance compared with the stack with the mixture fuel of hydrogen and nitrogen is attributed to the decrease in the stack temperature caused by the endothermic ammonia decomposition reaction. The external ammonia cracker helps to maintain the stack temperature, improving the initial performance of the stack. The stack performance with the autothermal ammonia cracker is also comparable to those with the other operation modes. It is also demonstrated that the stacks fueled with ammonia have excellent stability during the long‐term tests and 57% energy conversion efficiency at ca. 700 W electrical output is achieved with the external ammonia cracker.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of 1 kW‐class Ammonia‐fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack

et al. 2020

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“…Moreover, having a hydrogen content of 17.7 wt.%, it is associated with a comparatively high hydrogen ratio. In addition to this, ammonia has a restricted flammability range ratio of nearly 16–25% volumetric in air , . Further, it is comparatively cost‐effective and is a carbon free fuel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of a New Anion Exchange Membrane‐based Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell System

Siddiqui

Dinçer

2018

Fuel Cells

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In this study, a direct ammonia fuel cell comprising of an anion exchange membrane‐based electrolyte is developed, built and tested in the laboratory for investigating the performance electrochemically. In this regard, the aqueous ammonia is used as a storage medium for unreacted fuel. With gaseous ammonia fuel, an open circuit voltage (OCV) of 280 ± 8 mV is obtained at an operating temperature of 25 °C and a pressure of 100 kPa (1 bar). Furthermore, the peak power density at ambient conditions with gaseous ammonia fuel is observed to be 6.4 ± 0.3 W m−2. The unreacted gaseous fuel is stored in the form of aqueous ammonia and the fuel cell performance is tested at varying storage reservoir temperatures between 25 °C and 65 °C. An OCV of 110 ± 3 mV and a peak power density of 0.72 W m−2 is observed at an aqueous fuel temperature of 25 °C. Increasing storage reservoir and humidifier temperatures are found to improve the fuel cell performance characteristics.

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Challenges and Advancements in the Electrochemical Utilization of Ammonia Using Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Zhang,

Xu,

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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Solid oxide fuel cells utilized with NH3 (NH3−SOFCs) have great potential to be environmentally friendly devices with high efficiency and energy density. The advancement of this technology is hindered by the sluggish kinetics of chemical or electrochemical processes occurring on anodes/catalysts. Extensive efforts have been devoted to developing efficient and durable anode/catalysts in recent decades. Although modifications to the structure, composition, and morphology of anodes or catalysts are effective, the mechanistic understandings of performance improvements or degradations remain incompletely understood. This review informatively commences by summarizing existing reports on the progress of NH3−SOFCs. It subsequently outlines the influence of factors on the performance of NH3−SOFCs. The degradation mechanisms of the cells/systems are also reviewed. Lastly, the persistent challenges in designing highly efficient electrodes/catalysts for low‐temperature NH3−SOFCs, and future perspectives derived from SOFCs are discussed. Notably, durability, thermal cycling stability, and power density are identified as crucial indicators for enhancing low‐temperature (550 °C or below) NH3−SOFCs. This review aims to offer an updated overview of how catalysts/electrodes affect electrochemical activity and durability, offering critical insights for improving performance and mechanistic understanding, as well as establishing the scientific foundation for the design of electrodes for NH3−SOFCs.

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Comparative Study of Ammonia‐fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems

Cited by 85 publications

References 43 publications

Development of 1 kW‐class Ammonia‐fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack

Development of 1 kW‐class Ammonia‐fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack

Investigation of a New Anion Exchange Membrane‐based Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell System

Challenges and Advancements in the Electrochemical Utilization of Ammonia Using Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

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