Improved methods for working with fish chromosomes with a review of metaphase chromosome banding

Gold, John R.; Li, Y. C.; Shipley, N. S.; Powers, Patricia K.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb05889.x

Cited by 245 publications

(146 citation statements)

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“…A total of 28 specimens of Leporinus cf. elongatus (12 males and 16 females) collected in the São Francisco river (Três Marias municipality; Brazil) were cytogenetically analyzed through the air-drying technique (Bertollo et al, 1978;Gold et al, 1990). the chromosome preparations were submitted to Ag-NOR (Howell and Black, 1980) and mithramycin staining (Schweizer, 1980).…”

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Natural triploidy in Leporinus cf. elongatus bearing sex chromosomes

2007

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Although several cases of natural triploidy in fish have already been described, spontaneous polyploidy in species with differentiated sex chromosomes are rare. We report the occurrence of a triploid fish (3n = 81) Leporinus cf. elongatus, a species characterized by a highly differentiated ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system, from the São Francisco river. The occurrence of a ZZZ triploid adult indicates the viability of this chromosome constitution in this fish.Key words: polyploidy, triploid fish, ZW chromosomes, sex chromosomes, Anostomidae. The family Anostomidae is composed of 12 genera, constituting a group relatively rich in species, distributed from South to Central America (Garavello, 1979). Eight species from this group, all from the genus Leporinus, exhibit a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system with marked structural modifications between the sex chromosomes (Galetti et al., 1995;Venere et al., 2004; Molina and Galetti, 2006). The ZW chromosomes of these species point a monophyletic origin, apparently differentiated through processes of heterochromatinization (Galetti and Foresti, 1986;1987). Leporinus is one of the more complexes groups among Characiformes and the largest in number of species, with 87 already described. Several attempts to subdivide it into additional genera and subgenera have failed (Garavello and Britski, 2003).A diploid number of 2n = 54 is common among Leporinus species (Galetti et al., 1995) and no chromosome number variation has been reported in this genus thus far, despite of several reports of natural triploidy in different neotropical fish families (Characidae, Morelli et al., 1983;Fauaz et al., 1994;Centofante et al. 2001; Sternopygidae, Almeida-Toledo et al., 1985; Curimatidae, Venere and Galetti, 1985; Erythrinidae, Giuliano-Caetano and Bertollo, 1990; Thricomycteridae, Borin et al., 2002).This study reports a case of spontaneous natural triploidy in Leporinus cf. elongatus with a highly differentiated ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system. A total of 28 specimens of Leporinus cf. elongatus (12 males and 16 females) collected in the São Francisco river (Três Marias municipality; Brazil) were cytogenetically analyzed through the air-drying technique (Bertollo et al., 1978;Gold et al., 1990). the chromosome preparations were submitted to Ag-NOR (Howell and Black, 1980) and mithramycin staining (Schweizer, 1980). Our results confirmed the previously reported 2n = 54 with a highly differentiated ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system, characterized by a large subtelocentric W chromosome and a submetacentric Z (Molina et al., 1998).A young triploid male with 2n = 3x = 81 and presenting three copies of the Z chromosome was detected ( Figure 1a, b). A previously reported conspicuous mithramycin positive heterochromatic block on the long arm of the Z chromosomes (Molina et al., 1998) was evident in the three Z chromosomes of the triploid complement (Figure 1c). No morphological differences were observed between the triploid and the diploid specimens.The nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) were located near ...

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confidence: 99%

Natural triploidy in Leporinus cf. elongatus bearing sex chromosomes

2007

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“…The fish were transferred to laboratory aquaria and were kept under standard condition for 7 d prior to the experiments. The fish chromosomes were prepared from white blood cell cultures (Gold et al 1990) and/or were directly prepared from kidney cells Ehbeling 1968, Nanda et al 1995). The chromosome preparations were stained with 10% Giemsa s for 30 min and NORs were identified by Ag-NOR staining (Howell and Black 1980).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A First Karyological Analysis of the Sand Goby, <i>Oxyeleotris marmoratus</i> (Teleostei, Eleotridae) in Thailand by Ag-NOR Staining Technique

et al. 2014

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SummaryThe standardized karyotype and idiogram of the sand goby (Oxyeleotris marmoratus) from Chi River in the Maha Sarakham Province of northeastern Thailand were studied. Kidney cell samples were taken from five male and five female fish. The mitotic chromosome preparations were prepared by blood cell culture and directly from kidney cells. Conventional and Ag-NOR staining techniques were applied to stain the chromosomes. The results showed that the diploid chromosome number of O. marmoratus was 2n = 46 and the fundamental number (NF) as 50 in both males and females. The types of chromosomes were 2 large submetacentric, 10 large telocentric, 2 medium metacentric and 32 medium telocentric chromosomes. No strange-sized chromosomes related to sex were observed. The region adjacent to the telomere of chromosome pair 7 showed clearly observable secondary constriction/NORs. The karyotype formula for O. marmoratus could be inferred as: 2n (diploid) 46 = L 2 sm +L t 10 +M 2 m +M t 32

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“…Blood sample were taken from four male and four female fishes. After standard whole blood lymphocytes were cultured at 27 C for 96 h in the presence of colchicine, the metaphase spreads were performed on a microscopic slide and air-dried (Gold et al 1990). Conventional and Ag-NOR staining techniques were applied to stain the chromosomes (Howell and Black 1980).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A First Chromosomal Characterization of NORs in Splendid Snakehead Fish, <i>Channa lucius</i> (Perciformes, Channidae)

et al. 2014

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Summary A first chromosomal characterization of the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) of the splendid snakehead fish, Channa lucius (Cuvier 1831) from the Bung Klua reservoir in the Roi-Et Province of northeastern Thailand was conducted. Blood samples were taken from four male and four female fish. After standard whole blood lymphocytes had been cultured at 27 C for 96 h in the presence of colchicine, the metaphase spreads were performed on a microscopic slide and air-dried. Conventional and Ag-NOR staining techniques were applied to stain the chromosomes. The results showed that the diploid chromosome number of C. lucius was 2n = 48, and the fundamental number (NF) was 54 in both males and females. The types of autosomes were 2 large metacentric, 2 large acrocentric, 22 large telocentric, 2 medium acrocentric, 18 medium telocentric and 2 small telocentric chromosomes. There was no observation of strange-sized chromosomes related to sex. The region adjacent to the telomere of the short arm of chromosome pair 2 showed clearly observable secondary constriction (NORs). The karyotype formula for C. lucius is as follows: The splendid snakehead fish, Channa lucius (Cuvier 1831) is a member of the class Actinopterygii, order Perciformes and family Channidae. Presently, there are two genera and 29 species of all fish in the family Channidae. In Thailand, there are only seven species, which are: C. gachua Only a few cytogenetic studies on the snakehead fishes in Thailand have been reported. Six species have been studied cytogenetically, each having a different diploid number: C. marulioides, 2n = 38 (Magtoon et al. 2006); C. striata, 2n = 42 (Supiwong et al. 2009), 2n = 44 (Donsakul and Magtoon 1991, Wattanodorn et al. 1985 C. micropeltes, 2n = 44 (Donsakul and Magtoon 1991, Supiwong and C. marulius, 2n = 44; C. lucius, 2n = 48 and C. gachua, 2n = 112 (Donsakul and Magtoon 1991). However, there are three species from India and Bangladesh that have different diploid numbers and chromosome morphology from these studies, such as C. striata (2n = 40), C. marulius (2n = 40) and C. gachua (2n = 78) (Banerjee et al. 1988,

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Improved methods for working with fish chromosomes with a review of metaphase chromosome banding

Abstract: Improved methods for obtaining, preparing, and staining fish chromosomes are described.lncluded are procedures for resolving serial or G-type bands. A brief review of various metaphase banding procedures and their use in fishes is also presented.

Cited by 245 publications

References 68 publications

Natural triploidy in Leporinus cf. elongatus bearing sex chromosomes

Natural triploidy in Leporinus cf. elongatus bearing sex chromosomes

A First Karyological Analysis of the Sand Goby, <i>Oxyeleotris marmoratus</i> (Teleostei, Eleotridae) in Thailand by Ag-NOR Staining Technique

A First Chromosomal Characterization of NORs in Splendid Snakehead Fish, <i>Channa lucius</i> (Perciformes, Channidae)

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