This paper discusses technical challenges and technology development opportunities associated with developing and producing offshore heavy oil (OHO) reservoirs, with emphasis on projects in cold or deep waters. The paper addresses how the reservoir and fluid characteristics will impact reservoir characterization, development concept selection, well construction, reservoir performance, artificial lift requirements, flow assurance, and operations. The applicability of common onshore heavy oil practices to OHO developments will be discussed. Emerging technologies and technology development opportunities will also be discussed. The material presented in this paper will be of particular interest to technology development personnel and asset team personnel who are in the appraisal or concept selection stages of a project; however, additional information is provided which may also be valuable later in the project life.