Improved functional visual acuity after punctal occlusion in dry eye patients

The relation of functional visual acuity measurement methodology to tear functions and ocular surface status

“…The FVA has been used in trials assessing the visual impairment in patients with dry eyes in their daily environment [14][15][16][17][18]. Although we have already reported we found the FVA to be worse in dry eye subjects compared to those with normal eyes, the recommended measurement method has actually not yet been established since the first paper on FVA [14][15][16][17][18]21].…”

“…It has also been reported that FVA improves significantly in dry eye patients after punctum plug insertion [16,17], suggesting that FVA could help in detecting the masked impairment of visual function in dry eye patients who complain of decreased visual acuity despite having normal visual acuity measurements with conventional testing. The concept of the visual maintenance ratio (VMR) was also introduced as an objective index for evaluating the changes of dynamic vision from the baseline visual acuity [18].…”

Age-related changes in functional visual acuity in healthy individuals

“…A recent population-based data collection on DED in Japan, using selfdiagnostic questionnaires and objective examinations in Japanese elderly subjects, revealed that, according to Japanese dry eye diagnostic criteria, 73.5% of the eyes among elderly pensioners over 60 years had definite dry eyes [9]. Dry eye has been recognized as a disease causing decreased visual function based on measurements of functional visual acuity (FVA) in dry eye patients who have normal conventional visual acuity (CVA) [10,11].…”

“…FVA measurement was initially applied for the detection of masked impairment of visual function in patients with dry eye who complain of decreased VA despite normal conventional VA [11,23,24]. Previous studies reported that FVA was poor in dry eyes compared with normal eyes.…”

Surgical management of lacrimal punctal cauterization in chronic GVHD-related dry eye with recurrent punctal plug extrusion

“…25 In the present study, we measured FVA in six eyes of four patients before and after the surgery. The FVA scores, which is the average of all visual acuity values measured over time, improved from 0.18±0.18 to 0.07 ± 0.09 (Po0.1).…”