Improved Flame-Retardant Properties of Poly(lactic acid) Foams Using Starch as a Natural Charring Agent

Wang, Jingjing; Ren, Qian; Zheng, Wenge; Zhai, Wentao

doi:10.1021/ie403041h

Cited by 65 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Apparently, this method provided a novel and facile approach to produce high performance, lightweight and multi‐functional polymeric material, and therefore it becomes a new research hotspot. To our best knowledge, however, most of these studies have focused on inorganic particles ranging from microscale to nanoscale, little attention has been given to functional organic nanoparticles, which also can be used as effective nucleating agent and functional reinforcement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a novel organic nucleating agent: Cucurbit[6]uril to improve polypropylene injection foaming behavior and their physical properties

Zhou

Gong

2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, polypropylene (PP) foams were prepared with cucurbit[6]uril (Q[6]) used as a novel nucleating agent through a microcellular injection molding foaming process. The effect of Q[6] content (0.5-2.0 wt %) on the foaming behavior, as well as thermal, rheological and mechanical characterizations of the PP/Q[6] (PQ) samples were performed. According to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, the microstructure of foams exhibited a smaller cell size, higher cell density, and more homogeneous distribution of cells at a higher Q[6] content. It was found that the peak temperature of crystallization, the crystallinity and the crystallization rate of PP can be obviously improved by adding a low content of Q[6] (0.25-1.0 wt %), whereas further increasing the content of Q[6] (2.0 wt %) would disfavor the effect. With increasing the Q[6] concentration, the PQ composites had higher complex viscosities at low frequencies and higher modulus than that of PP except the content of 2.0 wt %. Furthermore, the introduction of Q[6] into PP can produce a mild increase in tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength of PQ foams. This can be due to the well dispersion of Q[6], good compatibility between PP and Q[6], as well as the improvement of the cell morphology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a novel organic nucleating agent: Cucurbit[6]uril to improve polypropylene injection foaming behavior and their physical properties

Zhou

Gong

2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Starch could be a suitable contender as a bio-based carbonic source in intumescent formulations by virtue of its natural charring capability and presence of excessive polyhydric compounds. Wang et al used starch as natural charring agent in PLA foams [23] however, the spinning of PLA/starch compounds containing intumescent formulations is still unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Thermal Processing of Polylactic Acid/Oxidized Starch Composites and Flame-Retardant Behavior of Intumescent Non-Wovens

Maqsood

Seide

2020

Coatings

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Thermoplastic processing and spinning of native starch is very challenging due to (a) the linear and branched polymers (amylose and amylopectin) present in its structure and (b) the presence of inter-and-intramolecular hydrogen bond linkages in its macromolecules that restrict the molecular chain mobility. Therefore, in this study, oxidized starch (OS) (obtained after oxidation of native starch with sodium perborate) was melt-blended with polylactic acid (PLA) polymer to prepare PLA/OS blends that were then mixed together with ammonium polyphosphate (APP), a halogen-free flame retardant (FR) used as acid donor in intumescent formulations on twin-screw extruder to prepare PLA/OS/APP composites. OS with different concentrations also served as bio-based carbonic source in intumescent formulations. PLA/OS/APP composites were melt spun to multifilament fibers on pilot scale melt-spinning machine and their crystallinity and mechanical properties were optimized by varying spinning parameters. The crystallinity of the fibers was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and thermal stabilities were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the surface morphology and dispersion of the additives in the fibers. Needle-punched non-woven fabrics from as prepared melt-spun PLA/OS/APP fibers were developed and their fire properties such as heat release rate, total heat release, time to ignition, residual mass % etc. by cone calorimetry test were measured. It was found that PLA/OS/APP composites can be melt spun to multifilament fibers and non-woven flame-retardant fabrics produced thereof can be used in industrial FR applications.

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“…The importance of IFRs containing biopolymers with biobased carbonic source and halogen-free acidic source has grown interest throughout the last decade in order to promote the sustainable approach towards flame retardancy of polymers [26]. Therefore, in continuation to this approach various researchers tried different formulations in IFR systems with different halogen-free acidic sources such as phytic acid [27], fumaric acid [28] and biobased carbonic sources such as cyclodextrin [29], lignin [30,31], sorbitol [32], chitosan [28] and starch [33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of melt spinnability of plasticized polylactic acid biocomposites-containing intumescent flame retardant

Maqsood

Langensiepen

Seide

2019

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Biodegradable polymers from renewable resources have attracted interest due to environmental pollution caused by the disposal of non-degradable polymers, and engineering them to produce fibres of textile grade can improve the environmental sustainability of textile sector. Flame retardancy of polylactic acid (PLA) can be improved if used in intumescent system containing acidic and carbonic source; however, spinning them to produce fibres of textile grade is a big challenge. We therefore have prepared PLA composites containing phosphorous-nitrogen-based flame retardant as acidic source together with kraft lignin as carbonic source. Different quantities of flame retardant and kraft lignin were added to PLA matrix by melt blending and then hot-pressed to form moulding sheets. A modified polyester-based plasticizer was also incorporated to facilitate the spinnability of the composites. Limiting oxygen index values and UL-94 ratings of the composites were reported. The melt spinnability of composites was then assessed, and flame retardancy of knitted structures produced from multifilament yarns was tested by cone calorimetry. Composites containing up to 7% (m/m) of lignin were spinnable together with 10% (m/m) of plasticizer. A substantial decrease of 59% in heat release rate was observed compared to pure PLA. The mechanism of intumescence was also reported.

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Improved Flame-Retardant Properties of Poly(lactic acid) Foams Using Starch as a Natural Charring Agent

Cited by 65 publications

References 41 publications

Application of a novel organic nucleating agent: Cucurbit[6]uril to improve polypropylene injection foaming behavior and their physical properties

Application of a novel organic nucleating agent: Cucurbit[6]uril to improve polypropylene injection foaming behavior and their physical properties

Improved Thermal Processing of Polylactic Acid/Oxidized Starch Composites and Flame-Retardant Behavior of Intumescent Non-Wovens

Investigation of melt spinnability of plasticized polylactic acid biocomposites-containing intumescent flame retardant

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