Improved fatigue delamination behaviour of composite laminates with electrospun thermoplastic nanofibrous interleaves using the Central Cut-Ply method

Daelemans, Lode; Heijden, Sam van der; Baere, Ives De; Rahier, Hubert; Paepegem, Wim Van; Clerck, Karen De

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.12.004

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…[18,19], these results could not be reproduced by us without providing the polyamide nanofibers with a matrix-compatible shell made from polycaprolactone to increase its adhesion with the matrix [14,16]. The interplay of the nanofiber intrinsic mechanical properties and the adhesive interaction with the matrix material is thus highly important as pointed out by several research groups as well [5,6,[20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Delamination resistant composites by interleaving bio-based long-chain polyamide nanofibers through optimal control of fiber diameter and fiber morphology

Meireman

Daelemans

Rijckaert

et al. 2020

Composites Science and Technology

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In this work an innovative electrospinning system is proposed that simultaneously has an adequate temperature resistance, a high increase in mode I (þ51%) and mode II (þ96%) delamination performance and can be commercially produced. Interleaving nanofibrous veils can potentially solve the issue of the limited delamination resistance encountered in composite laminates, but industrial upscaling has always been impeded by one or more critical factors. These constraining factors include a limited temperature stability of the nanofibers, a lack in simultaneous mode I and II delamination performance increase and the complexity of the electrospinning system because non-commercial polymers or specialty nanofibers (e.g. coaxial) are required. In this paper, a robust electrospinning system is proposed that is the first to overcome all major hurdles to make nanofiber toughening industrially viable. A new class of nanofibers based on biosourced polyamide 11 and its poly(ether-block-amide) co-polymers is used to deal with those shortcomings. The nanofibers have tuneable diameters down to 50 nm and cross-section morphologies ranging from circular to ribbon-shaped. The key to this work is the fundamental underpinning of the toughening effect using a broad range of interleaves with different mechanical and thermal properties, fiber diameters and fiber morphologies, all produced from the same bio-based base polymer. Generally, round and thin nanofibers performed better than larger and ribbon-like fibers. The relationship between the fiber morphology and the delamination performance is further underpinned using detailed analysis of the fracture surface. Ultimately, this results in a range of optimized nanofibrous veils capable of improving the delamination resistance considerably without suffering from the aforementioned drawbacks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Delamination resistant composites by interleaving bio-based long-chain polyamide nanofibers through optimal control of fiber diameter and fiber morphology

Meireman

Daelemans

Rijckaert

et al. 2020

Composites Science and Technology

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“…[13], Wisnom et al [16], König et al [17], Kawashita et al [21], Allegri et al [22], Rans et al [18], and Daelemans et al [23]. Some positive aspects arise about the use of the TCT specimen under fatigue cyclic loading:  At a fixed load amplitude, and after the crack has grown over a threshold length (see above), the driving force G II becomes constant, independent from the crack length, allowing to measure da/dN over a relatively high number of cycles;  The delamination length and growth rate can be measured by simple, direct calibration compliance procedures using extensometers [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared Thermography assisted evaluation of static and fatigue Mode II fracture toughness in FRP composites

Pitarresi

Scalici

Catalanotti

2019

Composite Structures

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The work proposes the combined use of a Modified Transverse Crack Tension (MTCT) test coupon and Infrared Thermography, to evaluate the static and fatigue behaviour of Fibre Reinforced Polymer composites under Mode II delamination. Artificial delaminations starters are added to the TCT coupon, whose effects on the Strain Energy Release Rate are discussed. Infrared Thermography and Thermoelastic Stress Analysis are implemented to investigate stresses and delaminations growths on two FRP materials: a pre-preg IM7/8552 carbon fibre-epoxy and a glass-fibre reinforced epoxy laminates. The thermographic, thermoelastic and second harmonic signals have been determined and used to monitor the onset of instable crack growth under monotonic loading, and the delamination growth under fatigue loading. The use of such full-field non-contact thermographic parameters allows a further and effective insight on the behaviour of TCT specimens, providing useful information for the characterisation of the Mode II delamination behaviour under both static and fatigue conditions.

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“…Many types of nanoscale reinforcing fillers exist, with electrospun nanofibers being very promising due to their feasible scale‐up, ease of handling, and fiber morphology . These advantages have resulted in significant interest into electrospun veils for nanoengineered polymer composite materials . One of the main topics is to incorporate electrospun nanofibrous veils within traditional laminated glass fiber or carbon fiber composites to obtain hybrid composites with both nano‐ and microscale fibers .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excellent Nanofiber Adhesion for Hybrid Polymer Materials with High Toughness Based on Matrix Interdiffusion During Chemical Conversion

Daelemans

Paepegem

D’hooge

et al. 2018

Adv Funct Materials

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One of the challenges for multiphase materials is the improvement of the interconnectivity of their separate phases. A promising route toward excellent adhesion is molecular interdiffusion, in which molecules are transferred to enable physical interaction. In the present work, a novel straightforward and direct method is developed to tune the adhesion between electrospun nanofibers and their matrix, starting from fundamental insights on molecular diffusion and considering in situ chemical formation of one of the polymer phases to effectively regulate interdiffusion. Proof-of-concept is provided for the adhesion of a thermoplastic phase (poly(ε-caprolactone)) to a thermoset matrix (epoxy) during the cured-induced formation of the latter. For isothermal curing, only an intermediate temperature (50 °C) allows the production of nanofiber hybrid materials with good adhesion between the constituents and preservation of the nanomorphology. Moreover, excellent adhesion properties are obtained in case a two-step curing (25 °C/80 °C), or coaxial electrospinning (polyamide 6/poly(ε-caprolactone)) toward core-shell nanomorphologies is applied. Improvements in toughness of the optimized interdiffused materials with G values over 600 J m −2 (up to 65% improvement) are recorded due to excellent bonding of the thermoplastic nanofibers with the matrix.

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Improved fatigue delamination behaviour of composite laminates with electrospun thermoplastic nanofibrous interleaves using the Central Cut-Ply method

Cited by 37 publications

References 45 publications

Delamination resistant composites by interleaving bio-based long-chain polyamide nanofibers through optimal control of fiber diameter and fiber morphology

Delamination resistant composites by interleaving bio-based long-chain polyamide nanofibers through optimal control of fiber diameter and fiber morphology

Infrared Thermography assisted evaluation of static and fatigue Mode II fracture toughness in FRP composites

Excellent Nanofiber Adhesion for Hybrid Polymer Materials with High Toughness Based on Matrix Interdiffusion During Chemical Conversion

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