Improved ELISA for determination of anti‐diphtheria and/or anti‐tetanus antitoxin antibodies in sera

Kristiansen, Max; Aggerbeck, Henrik; Heron, Iver

doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1997.tb05093.x

Cited by 78 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…At the SSI, microtiter plates (MaxiSorp; Nunc, Roskilde, Denmark) were coated with 0.002 g of purified TT as previously described (19). The plates were incubated for 2 h at room temperature (RT, 20 to 25°C) with 4-fold serial dilutions of the serum samples (1:4 to 1:65,536) in dilution buffer consisting of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4), 1% (vol/vol) Triton X-100, and 1% (wt/vol) bovine serum albumin (BSA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serosurveys could be used to monitor progress toward the achievement and maintenance of MNTE given challenges of reliably assessing TT coverage through vaccination history (14). For in vitro assays of tetanus seroprotection, gold standards are the DAE (double-antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) and toxin binding inhibition (ToBI) tests, which are not commercially available (15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Indirect tetanus ELISAs exist, but they overestimate antibody levels in the low seroprotective range (0.01 to 0.2 IU/ml) (15,(19)(20)(21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For in vitro assays of tetanus seroprotection, gold standards are the DAE (double-antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) and toxin binding inhibition (ToBI) tests, which are not commercially available (15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Indirect tetanus ELISAs exist, but they overestimate antibody levels in the low seroprotective range (0.01 to 0.2 IU/ml) (15,(19)(20)(21). For use in serosurveys, multiplex bead assays (MBAs) are promising, since antibody responses to many pathogens can be measured simultaneously by using minimal serum sample volumes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tetanus Immunity among Women Aged 15 to 39 Years in Cambodia: a National Population-Based Serosurvey, 2012

Scobie

Mao

Sokhal

et al. 2016

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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gTo monitor progress toward maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination (MNTE) in Cambodia, we conducted a nationwide serosurvey of tetanus immunity in 2012. Multistage cluster sampling was used to select 2,154 women aged 15 to 39 years. Tetanus toxoid antibodies in serum samples were measured by gold-standard double-antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAE) and a novel multiplex bead assay (MBA). Antibody concentrations of >0.01 IU/ml by DAE or the equivalent for MBA were considered seroprotective. Estimated tetanus seroprotection was 88% (95% confidence interval [CI], 86 to 89%); 64% (95% CI, 61 to 67%) of women had antibody levels of >1.0 IU/ml. Seroprotection was significantly lower (P < 0.001) among women aged 15 to 19 years (63%) and 20 to 24 years (87%) than among those aged >25 years (96%), among nulliparous women than among parous women (71 versus 97%), and among those living in the western region than among those living in other regions (82 versus 89%). The MBA showed high sensitivity (99% [95% CI, 98 to 99%]) and specificity (92% [95% CI, 88 to 95%]) compared with DAE. Findings were compatible with MNTE in Cambodia (>80% protection). Tetanus immunity gaps should be addressed through strengthened routine immunization and targeted vaccination campaigns. Incorporating tetanus testing in national serosurveys using MBAs, which can measure immunity to multiple pathogens simultaneously, may be beneficial for monitoring MNTE.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tetanus Immunity among Women Aged 15 to 39 Years in Cambodia: a National Population-Based Serosurvey, 2012

Scobie

Mao

Sokhal

et al. 2016

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…Tetanus and diphtheria antibodies were tested using the double antigen ELISA, as described elsewhere (22). Measles antibodies were measured by indirect ELISA, as previously described (23).…”

Section: Detection Of Vaccine Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV‐1‐infected children on HAART: Immunologic features of three different levels of viral suppression

Zaccarelli-Filho¹,

Ono²,

Machado³

et al. 2006

Cytometry Part B Clinical

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Background: HIV-1-infected children show changes of blood lymphocyte subpopulations. We have, therefore, investigated how highly active anti-retroviral therapy (ART) alter these subsets. Blood samples were taken from 41 HIV-1-infected children on ART who were divided into groups showing good, partial and poor responses to ART on the basis of viral load (VL) measurement in blood. The observations were compared to those seen in 20 uninfected children.Methods: The samples were studied using 4-color flow cytometry for ''naïve'', central memory and effector memory cells as well as for CD38 expression as the sign of activation within both the CD4+ and the CD8+ T cell populations. HIV-1 infected children were also evaluated for the presence and the titers of antibodies induced by vaccination against childhood infections in our patients while on HAART.Results: Lymphocyte counts were lower in the \poor" viral load responding (VLR) group when compared with partial and good VLRs. Poor VLRs had lower total and naïve CD4+ T cell counts. HIV-1-infected children from all three groups had high CD8+ T cell counts. Central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cell percentages were particularly low in the poor VLR group while in the poor VLR group the percentages of effector memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were higher when compared with the control group. Higher cellular activation of CD8+ T cells was observed in HIV-1-infected children, particularly when analyzed for the intensity of CD38 expression in the poor VLR group. CD5 expression on B cells was higher among all HIV-1-infected children. Antibodies to tetanus, diphtheria, measles, rubella, and hepatitis B were present in a large proportion of children but the titers were similarly low for all three groups of HIV-infected children.Conclusions: Children with different levels of viral response to HAART present immune phenotype characteristics that tend to place the children with partial and good virological responses into the same group. These children are still moderately deficient in their immune responses but show better recovery than seen with children in the poor VLR group. These observations indicate that the proportions of central memory cells among the CD4+ T cells and the intensity of the expression of CD38 activation antigen on CD8+ T cells provide more informative parameters for monitoring children on HAART than the absolute numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells alone. q

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“…Scobie et al (15) tout the DAE because with serum samples containing low levels of tetanus antitoxin (e.g., 0.01 to 0.14 IU/ ml), this method correlates well with established in vivo assays that measure protective neutralizing antitoxin levels (16). The same is true of the toxin binding inhibition assay for tetanus antitoxin determination (17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Serological Monitoring Is Key To Sustain Progress of the Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus Elimination Initiative

Levine

Pasetti

2016

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Improved ELISA for determination of anti‐diphtheria and/or anti‐tetanus antitoxin antibodies in sera

Cited by 78 publications

References 19 publications

Tetanus Immunity among Women Aged 15 to 39 Years in Cambodia: a National Population-Based Serosurvey, 2012

Tetanus Immunity among Women Aged 15 to 39 Years in Cambodia: a National Population-Based Serosurvey, 2012

HIV‐1‐infected children on HAART: Immunologic features of three different levels of viral suppression

Serological Monitoring Is Key To Sustain Progress of the Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus Elimination Initiative

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