Improved electrochromic performance and lithium diffusion coefficient in three-dimensionally ordered macroporous V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> films

Tong, Zhongqiu; Hao, Jian; Zhang, Kun; Zhao, Jiupeng; Su, Bao‐Lian; Li, Yao

doi:10.1039/c3tc32417f

Cited by 122 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…The maximal transmittance difference (DT max ) [20] at 850 nm between the bleached state and colored state is calculated to be 27 % for the as-deposited specimen. In comparison, the transmittance variation in the 250°C-annealed Mo-doped V 2 O 5 thin film is ranging from 20 to 45 % in the spectral region of 600-850 nm, and the DT max at 850 nm is 45 %, which is comparable with the previous literatures [29,30]. The better performance of the annealed thin films is believed to be due to a larger amount of Li ?…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Effect of post-annealing on structural and electrochromic properties of Mo-doped V2O5 thin films

Wei

Zhang

Cao

et al. 2015

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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The effect of post-annealing on the structural and electrochromic properties of the Mo-doped V 2 O 5 thin films was investigated in this paper. With varying the annealing temperature, the interlayer distance is increased from 1.16 (as-deposited) to 1.38 nm (annealing at 250°C), and the enlarged interlayer spacing would facilitate ion movement in between the interlayers inside the electrochromic matrix. Therefore, both the optical modulation and color efficiency of the Mo-doped V 2 O 5 thin films are enhanced after appropriate post-annealing treatment. Our results demonstrate that Mo-doped V 2 O 5 material is one of the promising candidates to be used in multi-color electrochromic devices. Graphical Abstract The ability to modulate optical transmittance of the Mo-doped V 2 O 5 thin films is greatly enhanced by means of the larger interlayer distance after annealing.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Effect of post-annealing on structural and electrochromic properties of Mo-doped V2O5 thin films

Wei

Zhang

Cao

et al. 2015

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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“…The addition of ethanol to the solution reduces the surface tension between electrolyte and the PS template, increasing infiltration of the electrolyte to substrate surface. 30,31 After deposition, samples were heated to 300…”

Section: Artificial Opalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. 30,31 The electrolyte consisted of a 0.25 M VOSO 4 .χH 2 O solution in 1:1 (v/v) mixture of deionized water and ethanol. The final solution was made by adding 2.53 g of VOSO 4 .χH 2 O, used as purchased from Sigma Aldrich, to a mixture of 20 ml of deionized water and 20 ml of ethanol.…”

Section: Artificial Opalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Vanadium Oxide Inverse Opal Growth by Electrodeposition

Armstrong

O’Sullivan

O’Connell

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Three-dimensional vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) material architectures in the form of inverse opals (IOs) were fabricated using a simple electrodeposition process into artificial opal templates on stainless steel foil using an aqueous solution of VOSO 4 .χH 2 O with added ethanol. The direct deposition of V 2 O 5 IOs was compared with V 2 O 5 planar electrodeposition and confirms a similar progressive nucleation and growth mechanism. An in-depth examination of the chemical and morphological nature of the IO material was performed using X-ray crystallography, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman scattering and scanning/transmission electron microscopy. Electrodeposition is demonstrated to be a function of the interstitial void fraction of the artificial opal and ionic diffusivity that leads to high quality, phase pure V 2 O 5 inverse opals is not adversely affected by diffusion pathway tortuosity. Methods to alleviate electrodeposited overlayer formation on the artificial opal templates for the fabrication of the porous 3D structures are also demonstrated. Such a 3D material is ideally suited as a cathode for lithium ion batteries, electrochromic devices, sensors and for applications requiring high surface area electrochemically active metal oxides. The growth in portable electronics and the need for cleaner energy solutions has led to the rising interest in materials research and energy storage material architectures that may help drive advancement in energy storage technologies to mitigate current issues in some energy storage materials and batteries such as capacity fading and lower life times, for example. [1][2][3][4] In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) material architectures 5 have become a particularly attractive approach to achieving significant improvements in charge rate performance, maintenance of specific capacity and opportunities for higher power density supercapacitors. [6][7][8][9] For this reason, the development of synthesis routes for the fabrication of three-dimensional nanostructured active materials onto metallic current collector substrates is important. [10][11][12][13] Electrodeposition is a particularly facile route for the formation of metal and metal oxide films on a variety of conductive substrates and has recently gained a lot of attention for synthesising three-dimensional materials when combined with templates and sacrificial architecture-directing structures. [14][15][16][17] Vanadium pentoxide is a particularly attractive replacement cathode material with its mixed valence, V 4+ and V 5+ , making it an ideal candidate for a large number of redox-dependent applications. 23-26 While the lattice structure is theoretically maintained upon mild intercalation, phase changes are known to occur and the interlayer van der Waals spacing characteristic of its layered orthorhombic crystal structure can become deformed at lower voltages (higher Li mole fraction). 27,28 Large particle sizes can also limit the solid state diffusional rate of cation insertion. The growth of a porous, thre...

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“…IOs provide scope for improved performance 24 by enhancing cycle-life due to their ability to withstand repeated lithiation/delithiation. 19,[25][26][27] IOs have also been investigated for use in solar cells 28,29 and electrochromic devices, 22,30,31 which benefit from the large active surface-area to volume ratio and the ability of IOs to be fashioned with porosity that enhances the capture and waveguiding of light at certain energies at various angles of incidence, because IOs exhibit a pseudo photonic bandgap structure. 32 Vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) has been the subject of much research for over 40 years 33 and has been widely investigated as a cathode material for Li-ion batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity, according to the following intercalation reaction: V 2 O 5 + xLi + + xe − ↔ Li x V 2 O 5 (0 < x < 3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Colloidal Opal Template and Substrate Type on 3D Macroporous Single and Binary Vanadium Oxide Inverse Opal Electrodeposition

O’Hanlon

McNulty

O’Dwyer

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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We report on the electrodeposition of 3D macroporous vanadium oxide inverse opals and binary inverse opals on transparent conducting oxide substrates and stainless steel and thermally oxidized stainless steel substrates. The electrodeposition follows a diffusion limited growth mode to form 3D porous crystalline V 2 O 5 after removal of a colloid photonic crystal template of selfassembled polystyrene spheres. Inverse opals were grown using spheres ranging in diameter from 0.5 μm to 6 μm, and binary inverse opals were also electrodeposited using binary mixtures of sphere sizes. We demonstrate that the ionic diffusion that leads to growth has charge-to-mass Coulombic efficiency ranging from 60-90%, depending on the voltage used. Additionally, the tortuosity in ionic diffusion through the opal to the substrate is significantly increased when large sphere diameter templates and binary opal templates are used. Analysis of the contribution of true substrate active area and the influence of template structure on ionic diffusivity confirms that inverse opal growth is dictated by the size of opal spheres, interstitial void clogging by smaller spheres in binary opals, and the conductivity of the substrate active area. which benefit from the large active surface-area to volume ratio and the ability of IOs to be fashioned with porosity that enhances the capture and waveguiding of light at certain energies at various angles of incidence, because IOs exhibit a pseudo photonic bandgap structure. 32Vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) has been the subject of much research for over 40 years 33 and has been widely investigated as a cathode material for Li-ion batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity, according to the following intercalation reaction: V 2 O 5 + xLi34,35 V 2 O 5 is useful for reversible Li-ion insertion and removal due to its mixed valance and layered structure. 25,31The mixed valence (V 4+ and V 5+ ) of V 2 O 5 allows for material expansion during intercalation with more electrolyte accessing the increased surface area, also helping decrease structural deformation of the material. 25,36 To date, a wide range of nanostructured V 2 O 5 mate- * Electrochemical Society Member. z E-mail: c.odwyer@ucc.ie rials (including nanowires, nanorods, etc. 34,37 ) have been examined as Li-ion cathode materials. In particular, 3D V 2 O 5 IO structures have shown extremely promising results in both and half-cell and full-cell configurations, prompting further research into mechanism of formation and control over their structure, geometry, crystallinity, size and composition/valence. 38 V 2 O 5 IOs have been formed using various routes including simple dropcast methods and more controlled electrodeposition (ED) approaches.7,25,32 ED of V 2 O 5 IOs has been achieved using a VOSO 4 aqueous solution (with subsequent heating allowing a transformation to crystalline V 2 O 5 ) producing dense material in the sphere template voids. Aside from the many alternative infiltration methods, creating binary inverse opals from binary opal t...

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Improved electrochromic performance and lithium diffusion coefficient in three-dimensionally ordered macroporous V₂O₅ films

Abstract: An electrodeposited 3D ordered macroporous V2O5 film contains nanocrystallites and amorphous parts, and exhibits improved electrochromic performance and lithium diffusion coefficient.

Cited by 122 publications

References 54 publications

Effect of post-annealing on structural and electrochromic properties of Mo-doped V2O5 thin films

Effect of post-annealing on structural and electrochromic properties of Mo-doped V2O5 thin films

3D Vanadium Oxide Inverse Opal Growth by Electrodeposition

The Influence of Colloidal Opal Template and Substrate Type on 3D Macroporous Single and Binary Vanadium Oxide Inverse Opal Electrodeposition

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Improved electrochromic performance and lithium diffusion coefficient in three-dimensionally ordered macroporous V2O5 films

Abstract: An electrodeposited 3D ordered macroporous V2O5 film contains nanocrystallites and amorphous parts, and exhibits improved electrochromic performance and lithium diffusion coefficient.

Cited by 122 publications

References 54 publications

Effect of post-annealing on structural and electrochromic properties of Mo-doped V2O5 thin films

Effect of post-annealing on structural and electrochromic properties of Mo-doped V2O5 thin films

3D Vanadium Oxide Inverse Opal Growth by Electrodeposition

The Influence of Colloidal Opal Template and Substrate Type on 3D Macroporous Single and Binary Vanadium Oxide Inverse Opal Electrodeposition

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Improved electrochromic performance and lithium diffusion coefficient in three-dimensionally ordered macroporous V₂O₅ films