Improved antiretroviral refill adherence in HIV-focused community pharmacies

Cocohoba, Jennifer; Murphy, Patricia A.; Pietrandoni, Glen; Guglielmo, B. Joseph

doi:10.1331/japha.2012.11112

Cited by 34 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…As noted earlier, Hirsch et al 19 and Cocohoba et al 20 found that patients in California receiving MTM and utilizing a HIVspecialized pharmacy, respectively, had higher rates of adherence to ART. Our study further demonstrates the ability of …”

Section: Murphy Et Almentioning

confidence: 67%

“…A previous study by Hirsch et al 19 found that patients utilizing HIV/AIDS medication therapy management (MTM) programs in place at 10 community pharmacies in California had increased adherence over those using nonspecialized pharmacies. Cocohoba et al 20 also demonstrated increased adherence with use of pharmacies offering specialized HIV/AIDS services in California. To our knowledge, no one has assessed the impact of such services on medication persistence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Impact of HIV-Specialized Pharmacies on Adherence and Persistence with Antiretroviral Therapy

Murphy

Cocohoba

Tang

et al. 2012

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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Patient adherence (the degree to which patients follow their therapeutic regimen as prescribed within a set period of time) and persistence (the time to treatment discontinuation, with a permissible gap) with drug therapy are essential components of HIV/AIDS treatment. Select community pharmacies offer specialized services for HIV/AIDS patients to help combat some of the barriers to adherence and persistence. We assessed adherence and persistence with antiretroviral therapy (ART) for patients using HIV-specialized pharmacies in nine cities from seven states compared to traditional community pharmacy users over a 1-year period. Data were limited to one pharmacy chain. Propensity scoring was used to obtain 1:1 matches for ''Specialized'' and ''Traditional'' pharmacy users based on age, gender, number of prescription-inferred chronic conditions (obtained by mapping a patient's prescriptions to the Medi-Span Drug Indications Database), and presence of prescription anxiety and/or depression medication, resulting in 7064 patients in each group. Proportion of days covered (PDC) was used to measure adherence. Specialized pharmacy users had a significantly greater mean (74.1% versus 69.2%, p < 0.0001) and median (90.3% versus 86.3%, p < 0.0001) PDC. A greater percentage of patients in the Specialized group were able to obtain a PDC of 95% or better (39.3% versus 35.5%). Patients in the Specialized group were significantly more persistent ( p = 0.0117). Community pharmacies specialized in HIV services may be effective avenues for helping patients achieve greater adherence and persistence with ART. Given the value of specialized community pharmacies, payers should consider implementing policies to encourage the use of such pharmacies for filling ART.

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Section: Murphy Et Almentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Impact of HIV-Specialized Pharmacies on Adherence and Persistence with Antiretroviral Therapy

Murphy

Cocohoba

Tang

et al. 2012

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

Self Cite

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“…Five of these articles described community-based pharmacist-provided MTM. [21][22][23][24][25] Three community-based articles were related to the California HIV/AIDS specialty pharmacies selected to provide MTM services to HIV/AIDS Medi-Cal patients. 21 That study compared medical claims of HIV-infected patients in pilot pharmacies offering HIV MTM services with medical claims of HIVinfected patients in other Medi-Cal pharmacies that did not offer MTM services.…”

Section: Supporting Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The specific interventions associated with improvement was not documented, though pharmacists at these stores all had completed an HIV certificate training program designed for community pharmacists. 25 Retention in care, adherence to antiretroviral therapy, and viral suppression should be the measures of improvements investigated in future community pharmacy-based MTM programs for persons with HIV.…”

Section: Supporting Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

HIV medication therapy management services in community pharmacies

Kauffman

Nair

Herist

et al. 2012

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

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Objectives-To present a rationale and a proposed structure to support pharmacist-delivered medication therapy management (MTM) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and to outline challenges to implementing and sustaining the service. Data sources-Professional literature.Summary-Historically, the effect of pharmacy services for HIV-infected persons has been demonstrated in inpatient and clinic-based settings. Developing similar programs adapted for community pharmacists could be a model of care to improve patient adherence to antiretroviral therapy and retention in care. Initiation of antiretroviral therapy and regular monitoring of CD4+ cell count, HIV RNA viral load, adverse drug events, and adherence form the backbone of successful medical management of HIV infection. Support for these services can be provided to HIV-infected patients through pharmacist-managed HIV MTM programs in community pharmacy settings in collaboration with primary providers and other health care professionals.Conclusion-Community pharmacists can help meet the growing need for HIV care through provision of MTM services. Although resources have been developed, including the general MTM framework, challenges of adequate training, education, and support of community pharmacists need to be addressed in order for HIV MTM to be a successful model.

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“…In fact, non-adherence represents a problem both for clinical outcome and loss of economic resources for the health system. In literature several methods are reported to calculate the adherence to treatment such as Continuous Measure of Medication Acquisition (CMA) [25]- [27]; Medication Possession Ratio (MPR) [28]- [30]; Medication Refill Adherence (MRA) [31]- [33] [41]. The most utilized methods are MPR and PDC [43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%