Imprint of Arctic sea ice cover in North-Greenland ice cores

Abstract

Sea ice is a key component of the climate system, since it modifies the surface albedo, the radiation balance, as well as the 10 exchange of heat, moisture and gases between the ocean and the overlying atmosphere. Hence, the reconstruction of sea ice cover before the instrumental era and the industrial times is crucial to understand the evolution of Arctic climate in the last millennium and better predict its future evolution. However, identifying relevant paleo proxies in climate archives related to sea ice cover is not straightforward. Ice cores from polar regions offer great potential to provide high-resolution records of Arctic sea ice variability from chemical impurities such as Bromine species, which were recently proposed as indicators of 15 sea ice extent, although their variability might be modulated by regional influences. We here use Bromine and Bromine enrichment of two ice cores form North Greenland (B17 & B26) and investigate its potential as proxy to reconstruct sea ice extent over the period 1363-1993 AD. Across the instrumental period, a good correlation is observed with the Baffin Bay and the Greenland Sea for B26 and B17 respectively, with both record showing minima corresponding to known Artic warming events such as the 1420 AD (for B17) and 1920-1940 (Early century warming, B17 & B26), together with a strong 20 decline starting in the late 19 th century. We simultaneously derived a chemical classification of sea ice-related contributors of ionic species (i.e. blowing snow, frost flowers, open water) utilizing the depletion of SO4 2compare to Ca 2+ , K + and Mg 2+ characterizing sea ice brines and blowing snow as well the excess of Brand Cl -, characterizing frost flowers, to elucidate the evolution of the different sources. In both B17 and B26 records we observe a strong contribution of blowing snow in the earliest part of the datasets, gradually declining in recent years in favour of open water sources. 25

Adaptation of the Experimental Background (ATEB) Method in Voltammetric Determination of Thujone in Herbal Matrices

“…Obviously, background is not only specific for voltammetry, but also influences signals of other analytical methods. Most frequently, background correction methods utilize polynomial [1][2][3] and spline approximation [4,5], wavelet transformation [6][7][8][9] or signal differentiation [10][11]. Moreover, in chromatography, IR spectroscopy and NMR useful are the methods based on robust local regression estimation [12], or so called Wittaker smoother, like Asymmetric Least Squares [13][14][15][16], where background shape is a compromise between exact approximation of the signals and it smoothness.…”