Impregnation of Bombax ceiba and Bombax insigne wood with a N-methylol melamine compound

Sint, Khin Maung; Αδαμόπουλος, Στέργιος; Koch, Gerald; Hapla, F.; Militz, Holger

doi:10.1007/s00226-012-0482-y

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…As expected, the opposite was observed for the NMMtreated wood. An unchanged absorbance behavior in the NMM-treated wood at the wavelength of 278 nm has been also reported previously (Sint et al 2012 ). However, the progressively increasing UV absorption at 240 nm from the untreated to the 10 % and 30 % NMM-treated tissue (Figure 6) was not confirmed in the case of the S2 layers of the fibers and vessels (Figure 7).…”

Section: Comparing Uv Measurements From Different Wavelengthssupporting

confidence: 84%

Topochemistry of heat-treated and N-methylol melamine-modified wood of koto (Pterygota macrocarpa K. Schum.) and limba (Terminalia superba Engl. et. Diels)

et al. 2012

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To broaden the knowledge about the chemical changes at the cell wall level of differently modified tropical hardwoods, heat-treated and N-methylol melamine (NMM)-treated samples of koto (Pterygota macrocarpa) and limba (Terminalia superba) were prepared. UV microspectrophotometry (UMSP) was applied at 278 and 240 nm as specific wavelengths to analyze chemical alterations of the samples caused by heat and NMM treatment, respectively. The absorbance of koto exceeded that of limba before and after treatment, potentially due to the higher extractive content of the former. Regardless of the wood species, the absorbance of the samples increased with increasing intensity of the NMM treatment. Additionally, the absorbance of lignin within the spectrum of 230–350 nm was altered due to the NMM treatment. The functionality of applying specific wavelengths for the analysis of different modification methods of wood was proven. However, the comparison with literature did not show differences in the absorbance, which could be assigned to the characteristics of tropical hardwoods.

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Section: Comparing Uv Measurements From Different Wavelengthssupporting

confidence: 84%

Topochemistry of heat-treated and N-methylol melamine-modified wood of koto (Pterygota macrocarpa K. Schum.) and limba (Terminalia superba Engl. et. Diels)

et al. 2012

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“…Compared with the previously reported methods which mainly referred to physically filling the dynamic nanopores or chemically bonding to the hydroxyl groups, the strategy proposed in this study is a dual modification method, that is, the use of maleic anhydride (MAn) to improve wood durability (i.e., dimensional stability and decay resistance) via dynamic nanopore filling combined with hydroxyl group elimination. Although acetic anhydride, melamine formaldehyde, sorbitol, and N-methylol melamine have been reported to modify the cell wall for durability improvement in a similar strategy to our work, several drawbacks like the strong acid catalysts employed or formaldehyde release adversely affect their properties and the environment, and thus limit their practical applications [39][40][41][42][43]. Although maleic anhydride was reported to bulk the cell wall and chemically bond to the hydroxyl group, the employed methods still use solvents like DMSO, which are difficult to remove after the reaction, and the vapor phase reaction requires specific equipment [44][45][46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Cell Wall Bulking by Maleic Anhydride for Wood Durability Improvement

et al. 2020

Forests

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Wood is susceptible to swelling deformation and decay fungi due to moisture adsorption that originates from the dynamic nanopores of the cell wall and the abundant hydroxyl groups in wood components. This study employed as a modifier maleic anhydride (MAn), with the help of acetone as solvent, to diffuse into the wood cell wall, bulk nanopores, and further chemically bond to the hydroxyl groups of wood components, reducing the numbers of free hydroxyl groups and weakening the diffusion of water molecules into the wood cell wall. The derived MAn-bulked wood, compared to the control wood, presented a reduction in water absorptivity (RWA) of ~23% as well as an anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) of ~39% after immersion in water for 228 h, and showed an improvement in decay resistance of 81.42% against white-rot fungus and 69.79% against brown-rot fungus, respectively. The method of combined cell wall bulking and hydroxyl group bonding could effectively improve the dimensional stability and decay resistance with lower doses of modifier, providing a new strategy for wood durability improvement.

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“…Research on the impregnation modification of wood with melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resins has increased in recent decades, especially in Europe, with positive results with respect to dimensional stability and biological resistance to brown-rot fungi (Inoue et al 1993, Pittman et al 1994, Rapp & Peek 1999, Lukowsky 1999, Gindl et al 2003, Kielmann et al 2012, Sint et al 2013, Kielmann et al 2014. Its main drawbacks are the high production costs and the tendency of such wood products to crack under humid-dry cycle conditions.…”

Section: Modification With Thermosetting Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood modification technologies - a review

Sandberg¹,

Kutnar²,

Mantanis³

2017

iForest

341

197

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The market for new durable products of modified wood has increased substantially during the last few years, especially in Europe. This increased interest depends partly on the restricted use of toxic preservatives due to increased environmental concern, as well as the need for reduced maintenance for wood products that are mainly for exterior use. Furthermore, as sustainability becomes a greater concern, the environmental impact of construction and interior materials should be included in planning by considering the entire life cycle and embodied energy of the materials used. As a result, wood modification has been implemented to improve the intrinsic properties of wood, widen the range of sawn timber applications, and acquire the form and functionality desired by engineers, without bringing environmental friendliness into question. The different wood modification processes are at various stages of development, and the challenges that must be overcome to expand to industrial applications differ amongst them. In this paper, three groups of wood modification processes are discussed and exemplified with modified wood products that have been newly introduced to the market: (i) chemical processing (acetylation, furfurylation, resin impregnation etc.); (ii) thermo-hydro processing (thermal treatment); and (iii) thermo-hydro-mechanical processing (surface densification). Building on these examples, the paper will discuss the environmental impact assessment of modification processes and further development needs.

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Impregnation of Bombax ceiba and Bombax insigne wood with a N-methylol melamine compound

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Topochemistry of heat-treated and N-methylol melamine-modified wood of koto (Pterygota macrocarpa K. Schum.) and limba (Terminalia superba Engl. et. Diels)

Topochemistry of heat-treated and N-methylol melamine-modified wood of koto (Pterygota macrocarpa K. Schum.) and limba (Terminalia superba Engl. et. Diels)

Cell Wall Bulking by Maleic Anhydride for Wood Durability Improvement

Wood modification technologies - a review

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