Impregnating ultrafine FeS₂ nanoparticles within hierarchical carbon tubes for advanced potassium-ion batteries

Abstract

Transition-metal sulfides (TMSs) with high theoretical capacity and economic suitability are attractive anode materials for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). However, the inherent low conductivity, tardy K+ diffusion kinetics, and huge volume...

A comprehensive review of carbon anode materials for potassium-ion batteries based on specific optimization strategies

“…At present, carbonaceous anodes have been demonstrated to be an effective host material for storing K-ions because of their cost-effectiveness, good conductivity, and flexible architecture. [18][19][20] Unfortunately, the larger ionic radius of K + (1.38 Å) compared with its Li + counterpart (0.76 Å) can easily cause significant volume change and inevitably encounter sluggish kinetics in the solid-state diffusion stage, [21][22][23][24] thus eventually leading to inferior cycling stability and poor rate capability. To solve these issues, some optimization strategies have been proposed and proved to be feasible, such as heteroatom-doping (N, S, P, and O, e.g.…”

“…To solve these issues, some optimization strategies have been proposed and proved to be feasible, such as heteroatom-doping (N, S, P, and O, e.g. ), 18,23,[25][26][27] pore-structure engineering (micro-meso-macropores), 20,28,29 and stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer design. [30][31][32][33][34] To be specific, the introduction of heteroatoms into the carbon matrix not only can expand the interlayer spacing to accelerate K-ion diffusion and alleviate volume fluctuation, but induces more defect sites to adsorb potassium, 35 all of which are favorable for realizing excellent rate, cycling, and capacity.…”

Ultrathin Cobalt-Based Prussian Blue Analogue Nanosheet-Assembled Nanoboxes Interpenetrated with Carbon Nanotubes as a Fast Electron/Potassium-Ion Conductor for Superior Potassium Storage

“…In view of the escalating environmental problems caused by human society’s dependence on fossil fuels, it is necessary to turn to new energy production, storage, and usage technologies . Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been a leading tool in the established energy storage technologies since their first commercialization in 1991 and have thrived in areas such as portable devices, electric vehicles, and grid power. − However, the scarcity of lithium and its unequal distribution have led to an annual increase in its price, thereby triggering the demand for LIB alternatives. ,− Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) show promise for use in large scale energy storage due to the plentiful natural sources of potassium, its low redox potential, and its high ionic conductivity in conventional electrolytes. − The main obstacles to the widespread adoption of PIBs are the slow kinetics and severe structural damage caused by the large K + -ion radius, causing unsatisfactory capacity and cycling stability. − Therefore, it is essential to create PIB anode materials with a high reversible capacity and good cycle stability. − …”