Imported Malaria in Kuwait (1985-2000)

Iqbal, Jamshaid; Al-Ali, Faiza Mohamed; Sher, Ali; Hira, P. R.

doi:10.2310/7060.2003.9291

Cited by 17 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The oil-exporting countries of the Middle East have attracted a large number of semiskilled workers from malarious countries such as India, Pakistan and Indonesia, who are a source of malaria introduction (Schultz, 1989). The importation of malaria to Kuwait occurs mostly from the Indian subcontinent (Hira et al, 1988(Hira et al, , 1985Iqbal et al, 2003). Saudi Arabia is an attractive employer of skilled workers from malaria-endemic countries such as Iran, Pakistan and India, as well as east Africa (Bruce et al, 2000;Babiker et al, 1998).…”

Section: Migration For Work Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Screening arriving passengers for malaria at the border points and obtaining a detailed travel history have been deployed to assess the impact of human population movement on malaria in Djibouti (Noor et al, 2011). Proactive prevention programmes to screen all prospective immigrants for malaria infection in their home countries, rather than point of entry, significantly reduced the numbers of imported infections in Kuwait (Iqbal et al, 2003). These approaches work well where border crossings are tightly controlled, but they may be of limited value in remote areas where people pass unchecked between countries.…”

Section: Surveillance-response and Cross-border Initiativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kuwait initiated a proactive preventive programme to screen all prospective immigrants for malaria infection in their home countries. As a result, the malaria cases among the immigrants reduced by 52.6% per year (Iqbal et al, 2003). Fever surveillance was mostly used in tourists and travellers from Europe and North America (Wilson et al, 2007;Leder et al, 2004;Journal, 2004).…”

Section: Surveillance-response and Cross-border Initiativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cross-Border Malaria: A Major Obstacle for Malaria Elimination

Wangdi

Gatton

Kelly

et al. 2015

Advances in Parasitology

120

111

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Section: Migration For Work Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surveillance-response and Cross-border Initiativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surveillance-response and Cross-border Initiativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cross-Border Malaria: A Major Obstacle for Malaria Elimination

Wangdi

Gatton

Kelly

et al. 2015

Advances in Parasitology

120

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…We noted that the majority of cases were P. vivax infection, which was similar to studies from Qatar, Kuwait, Kingdom of Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates. [11][12][13][14] Although P. vivax malaria is commonly considered nonsevere and has been historically termed as "benign tertian malaria," new published studies showed that cases of P. vivax infection often resulted in increased hospitalizations, severe disease, and death than previously expected. [14][15][16][17] These informed us that P. vivax malaria was the greatest cause of malaria morbidity in Zhejiang Province.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria in Zhejiang Province, China, from 2005 to 2014

Chen

Yao

Zhang

et al. 2015

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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To summarize the changing epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Zhejiang Province, China, we collected data on malaria from the Chinese Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NDRS) and analyzed them. A total of 2,738 malaria cases were identified in Zhejiang Province from 2005 to 2014, of which 2,018 were male and 720 were female. Notably, only 7% of malaria cases were indigenous and the other cases were all imported. The number of malaria cases increased from 2005 to 2007, peaked in 2007, and then decreased from 2007 to 2011. There were no indigenous cases from 2012 to 2014. Of all cases, 68% of cases contracted Plasmodium vivax, 27% of cases contracted P. falciparum, and two cases contracted P. malariae. About 88% of malaria cases during 2005–2011 occurred yearly between May and October, but the number of malaria cases in different months during 2012–2014 was similar. The median age was 33 years, and 1,892 cases occurred in persons aged 20–50 years. The proportion of businessmen increased and the proportion of migrant laborers decreased in recent years. The median time from illness onset to confirmation of malaria cases was 5 days and it decreased from 2005 to 2014. Some epidemiological characteristics of malaria have changed, and businessmen are the emphases to surveillance in every month.

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“…Although some of these migrants have become naturalized citizens of the USA, the European Union and Canada, they still visit their home countries either for business or nostalgia. The oil-rich countries in the Arabian Gulf region are heavily populated by expatriate workers from the Indian subcontinent; thus, making imported malaria a major health problem in nonendemic areas such as Kuwait [3] . Tour-ism to malaria-endemic areas by Americans and Europeans continues to increase, and the travelers need to be checked for malarial infection upon return to the nonendemic areas, particularly if they wish to donate blood for transfusion purposes [4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic Detection of Mixed Malarial Infections: Improvement by Saponin Hemolysis

Orjih

Cherian²,

AlFadhli³

2008

Med Princ Pract

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Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine whether saponin hemolysis could improve microscopic detection of malaria parasites in human blood, since it has been previously reported that the technique has been used to enrich Plasmodium falciparum culture to ≧90% parasitemia. Material and Methods: Blood samples from suspected malaria cases were first examined in routine thick and thin smears under the microscope. The sample (1 ml) was then hemolyzed with 0.015% saponin in saline and centrifuged, the separated pellet was stained with Giemsa stain and examined microscopically, using PCR to confirm species identification. Results: With P. falciparum in vitro culture, the proportions of infected erythrocytes were approximately 0.7–2% before and 65–97% after saponin hemolysis, confirming published reports. In contrast, there was little or no increase in the proportions of intact infected erythrocytes after saponin hemolysis of clinical blood specimens. However, 20–600 hemolyzed parasites were detected per field under the microscope after saponin hemolysis of patients’ blood samples that contained only 1–15 parasites per field in conventional thick smears. In addition, more P. falciparum gametocytes were detected after saponin hemolysis. Conclusion: Saponin hemolysis concentrated the parasites in large volumes of blood into a small volume that could be smeared on a slide. This concentration method made it easy to detect malaria parasites and reduced the time needed for microscopy. In the present study, the method was comparable to PCR for the identification of P. vivax and P. falciparum mixed infections.

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Imported Malaria in Kuwait (1985-2000)

Cited by 17 publications

References 8 publications

Cross-Border Malaria: A Major Obstacle for Malaria Elimination

Cross-Border Malaria: A Major Obstacle for Malaria Elimination

Malaria in Zhejiang Province, China, from 2005 to 2014

Microscopic Detection of Mixed Malarial Infections: Improvement by Saponin Hemolysis

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