Malaria in Zhejiang Province, China, from 2005 to 2014

Abstract

To summarize the changing epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Zhejiang Province, China, we collected data on malaria from the Chinese Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NDRS) and analyzed them. A total of 2,738 malaria cases were identified in Zhejiang Province from 2005 to 2014, of which 2,018 were male and 720 were female. Notably, only 7% of malaria cases were indigenous and the other cases were all imported. The number of malaria cases increased from 2005 to 2007, peaked in 2007, and then decreased from 2007 to 2011. There were no indigenous cases from 2012 to 2014. Of all cases, 68% of cases contracted Plasmodium vivax, 27% of cases contracted P. falciparum, and two cases contracted P. malariae. About 88% of malaria cases during 2005–2011 occurred yearly between May and October, but the number of malaria cases in different months during 2012–2014 was similar. The median age was 33 years, and 1,892 cases occurred in persons aged 20–50 years. The proportion of businessmen increased and the proportion of migrant laborers decreased in recent years. The median time from illness onset to confirmation of malaria cases was 5 days and it decreased from 2005 to 2014. Some epidemiological characteristics of malaria have changed, and businessmen are the emphases to surveillance in every month.

Molecular surveillance of Pfcrt and k13 propeller polymorphisms of imported Plasmodium falciparum cases to Zhejiang Province, China between 2016 and 2018

“…Furthermore, African countries spread the infection to other countries, including France (> 2500), China (> 2000), UK (approximately 1500), and Germany (> 500) in 2017 [1,20]. Zhejiang province, located in southeast China, had several cases of P. falciparum malaria imported from Africa in recent years [21,22]. The current study evaluated drug resistance markers of P. falciparum infections predominantly from Africa using molecular assays to advance drug policies against malaria.…”

Spatial and space–time distribution of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria in China, 2005–2014

“…Compared to 2010, an increase of 24.6 and 44.9% were observed, respectively [39]. Available evidence indicated that P. falciparum was mostly imported via Chinese people returning from Africa [17, 38, 40–44]. …”

Toward the Elimination of Malaria in China: A Retrospective Analysis of Malaria-Endemic Characteristics and Prevention Effects in Yantai, Shandong Province, 1951 to 2017

“…In this study, the data before 2004 were collected from annual paper-based surveillance data and compilation of information on the elimination of malaria (Wang et al 2010, Chen et al 2015. Since 2004, each case that has been obtained through the Infectious Diseases Information Reporting Management System (IDIRMS; http://chinacdc.cn) has been subjected to rigorous quality control reviews (Kong et al 2017, Feng et al 2018.…”

“…Indigenous cases refer to malaria transmitted by mosquitoes in endemic areas of China (Chen et al 2015). Imported malaria cases must meet all of the following criteria: a diagnosis of malaria and a travel history during the malaria transmission season and symptom development within 1 month after returning to China during the local transmission season (Kong et al 2017).…”