Imported Flood-Related Leptospirosis From Palau: Awareness of Risk Factors Leads to Early Treatment

Matono, Takashi; Kutsuna, Satoshi; Koizumi, Nobuo; Fujiya, Yoshihiro; Takeshita, Nozomi; Hayakawa, Kayoko; Kanagawa, Shuzo; Kato, Yasuyuki; Ohmagari, Norio

doi:10.1111/jtm.12241

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In 2003–2005, a multi-centre survey of patients with clinically suspected leptospirosis reported one seropositive out of eight tested [ 5 ]. In 2014, two Japanese travellers developed leptospirosis after returning from Palau; the suspected exposure was swimming in Ngardmau falls [ 15 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IgM antibodies are detectable in the blood from 5–7 days after the onset of symptoms [ 2 ]. The use of agglutination tests was described soon after the first isolation of the organism, and the MAT remains the definitive serological investigation technique in both humans and animals [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prolonged immersion in, or swallowing of, contaminated water can also result in infection. Numerous animal species, including rodents (often considered as the main reservoir), domestic mammals (including livestock and companion animals) and wildlife, have been shown to be reservoirs for Leptospira [ 15 ]. In food-producing animals, cattle and pigs are relatively susceptible to clinical infection, resulting in production losses including reduced milk yield, reproductive failure, abortions, premature birth or stillbirth [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of human and animal leptospirosis in the Pacific Islands reveals pathogen and reservoir diversity

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe Pacific Islands have environmental conditions highly favourable for transmission of leptospirosis, a neglected zoonosis with highest incidence in the tropics, and Oceania in particular. Recent reports confirm the emergence and outbreaks of leptospirosis in the Pacific Islands, but the epidemiology and drivers of transmission of human and animal leptospirosis are poorly documented, especially in the more isolated and less developed islands.Methodology/Principal findingsWe conducted a systematic review of human and animal leptospirosis within 25 Pacific Islands (PIs) in Polynesia, Melanesia, Micronesia, as well as Easter Island and Hawaii. We performed a literature search using four international databases for articles published between January 1947 and June 2017. We further included grey literature available on the internet. We identified 148 studies describing leptospirosis epidemiology, but the number of studies varied significantly between PIs. No data were available from four PIs. Human leptospirosis has been reported from 13 PIs, with 63% of all studies conducted in Hawaii, French Polynesia and New Caledonia. Animal leptospirosis has been investigated in 19 PIs and from 14 host species, mainly pigs (18% of studies), cattle (16%) and dogs (11%). Only 13 studies provided information on both human and animal leptospirosis from the same location. Serology results were highly diverse in the region, both in humans and animals.Conclusions/SignificanceOur study suggests that, as in other tropical regions, leptospirosis is widespread in the PIs while showing some epidemiological heterogeneity. Data are scarce or absent from many PIs. Rodents, cattle, pigs and dogs are all likely to be important carriers, but the relative importance of each animal species in human infection needs to be clarified. Epidemiological surveys with appropriate sampling design, pathogen typing and data analysis are needed to improve our understanding of transmission patterns and to develop effective intervention strategies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of human and animal leptospirosis in the Pacific Islands reveals pathogen and reservoir diversity

et al. 2018

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“…Particular attention should be paid to floodwaters, which are known to be responsible for numerous leptospirosis infections and outbreaks in humans. Although floodwaters have rarely been studied (Thaipadungpanit et al, 2013;Chaturongkasumrit et al, 2013), they should be considered as periods of increased leptospirosis risk, as shown by the high numbers of leptospirosis outbreaks triggered by floods (Smith et al, 2013;Park et al, 2006;Matono et al, 2015;Gaynor et al, 2007;Easton, 1999) (Table 2-5).…”

Section: Surface Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospira and Leptospirosis

Goarant¹,

Trueba²,

Bierque³

et al. 2019

Water and Sanitation for the 21st Century: Health and Microbiological Aspects of Excreta and Wastewater Management (Global Wate

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The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization.

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“…Chemoprophylaxis is not generally prescribed; however, those taking doxycycline for malaria prevention will additionally be protected against leptospirosis. Awareness of leptospirosis risk factors will increase chances of early appropriate treatment for this potentially lethal disease 76 .…”

Section: Schistosomiasis and Leptospirosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing diseases in round-the-world travelers: a contemporary challenge for travel medicine advice

Rodrigues

Moreira

2018

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Providing advice for travelers embarking on long-term trips poses a challenge in travel medicine. A long duration of risk exposure is associated with underuse of protective measures and poor adherence to chemoprophylaxis, increasing the chances of acquiring infections. Recently, in our clinic, we observed an increase in the number of travelers undertaking round-the-world trips. These individuals are typically aged around 32 years and quit their jobs to embark on one-to-two-year journeys. Their destinations include countries in two or more continents, invariably Southeast Asia and Indonesia, and mostly involve land travel and visiting rural areas. Such trips involve flexible plans, increasing the challenge, especially with regard to malaria prophylaxis. Advising round-the-world travelers is time-consuming because of the amount of information that must be provided to the traveler. Advisors must develop strategies to commit the traveler to his/her own health, and verify their learnings on disease-prevention measures. Contacting the advisor after the appointment or during the trip can be helpful to clarify unclear instructions or diagnosis made and prescriptions given abroad. Infectious diseases are among the most frequent problems affecting travelers, many of which are preventable by vaccines, medicines, and precautionary measures. The dissemination of counterfeit medicines, particularly antibiotics and antimalarial medicines, emphasizes the need for travelers to carry medicines that they may possibly need on their trip. Additional advice on altitude, scuba diving, and other possible risks may also be given. Considering the difficulties in advising this group, we present a review of the main recommendations on advising these travelers.

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Imported Flood-Related Leptospirosis From Palau: Awareness of Risk Factors Leads to Early Treatment

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

A systematic review of human and animal leptospirosis in the Pacific Islands reveals pathogen and reservoir diversity

A systematic review of human and animal leptospirosis in the Pacific Islands reveals pathogen and reservoir diversity

Leptospira and Leptospirosis

Preventing diseases in round-the-world travelers: a contemporary challenge for travel medicine advice

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