Imported Cults

Tallet, Gaëlle; Zivie‐Coche, Christiane

doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199571451.013.0027

Cited by 2 publications

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“…The palm was one of the main attributes of the god, that the palm tree always appeared beside him and a serpent lies on or coils up the tree and drinks from a Patera that Heron offers. (61) A wooden panel representation of Heron is now in the Egyptian Museum of Berlin, only the right half of a wooden panel, was found in a private hose from Tebtynis. It is about 41/ 25, 5 cm, and depicts Heron with his lance in his left arm.…”

Section: The Palm Branch In the Greco-roman Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Religious symbolism of the Palm Branch in the Greco-Roman Tombs of Egypt

Omran

2015

Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hos

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The palm branch in the Pharaonic period The palm played an important role in both ancient Egyptian ordinary life and funerary customs. It served as the place where the ancient Egyptians can sit under to enjoy the shadow and the cool air. The deceased also was depicted in prostration-attitude on the ground, drink water from the roots of the palm (pl.1). (1) The water is protruding whether from date palm tree, dom palm, acacia palm, or Sycamore palm tree for giving life to the deceased. (2) Acacia tree is mainly associated with Horus, (3) while the Dom tree is associated with Min as a symbol of fertility. (4) Depicting the deceased under the tree goddess is illustrated in chapter 59 of the Book of the Dead for breathing air and having power over water by the tree"s goddess. (5) In the ancient Egyptian mythology, the palm also was a symbol of time, which was interpreted in the funerary texts in the temples as a symbol of the king"s funeral long life. It was presented by the gods for the king upon the temples" walls; they are holding the Isched-palm in their hands, which is often combined with the ḥfn sign of the frog (100,000), and the shen ring (10,000,000). The date palm rib was mainly a gift of god Thot as (lord of time) to the kings for a guarantee for a long life and millions of years for the king, (6) and how the god holds the palm-branch as a symbol of long life. The pre dynastic Egypt has revealed that the palm branch was connected with funerary customs, it was included in the offerings for the dead, and was laid on the mummy"s chest. (7) Moreover, it was put inside the tombs to secure a permanent youthful life for the deceased. The deceased also appeared with the palm fronds in his tomb to overcome death. In addition, it was depicted upon the deceased"s mummy coffins (pls. 2 a, b). (8) Since the 19 th dynasty till the Roman period; palm branches were depicted in the tombs as a guarantee for the deceased for another life in the netherworld. Therefore, in the Greco-Roman period the deceased was integrated to show the complete palm tree in his tomb, or to show palm fronds in his hands to securing his rebirth, re-verification and a long after life. (9) In the Pharaonic period, palm was also associated with many other gods; as Hathor, Thoeris, (10) Atumn, (11) and Re. (12) The coffin texts (CT 325) mentioned the sun-god was depicted in the form of a palm, and so, the deceased wishes to imitate the sun god, and to be fed with palm (CT 186, 202). (13) The date palm symbolized the location where the youthful morning sun roses and reborn again in the sacred grove at Buto. (14) The palm branch was either associated with the heb-sed festivals of the kings as the depiction of king Amenemhat I in his pyramid temple at Lisht. (15) Its connection with rebirth, led to its employment in festively purpose inside the mammisi of the Greco-Roman period. Of these, the mammisi of Edfu and Dendera; where several rows of goddesses are represented holding palm ribs. (16) Therefore, it was used in the funerary processions of the dece...

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Section: The Palm Branch In the Greco-roman Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Religious symbolism of the Palm Branch in the Greco-Roman Tombs of Egypt

Omran

2015

Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hos

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Importing and Exporting Gods? On the Flow of Deities Between Egypt and Its Neighboring Countries

Quack

2014

The Dynamics of Transculturality

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Since the main title of my contribution sounds more economical than ecumenical, I should start with a question: What does it mean to deal in gods? There is one very remarkable passage in an Egyptian text which laments that gods are sold for oxen (Admonitions 8, 12). This phrase seems strange at first sight, so strange that almost all modem editors and commentators have deemed it corrupt and have proposed emendations.1 Actually, it makes perfect sense once you realize that "gods" here means "statues of gods." These were, in the Egyptian culture, often made of gold, and constituted enough buying power to actually acquire an ox in exchange.The key point for my subsequent analysis is that "gods" have a strongly material ized existence. A god is not simply a transcendent or omnipresent entity but has a focal point in a material object.2 Also, in order to hear the prayers of humans, special proximity is an advantage. Being far from a god in a physical sense was thus seen as a very real menace, and one can see how Egyptians on missions abroad liked to take a transportable figure of their deity with them.3 This also had implications for the opportunities to expand: a figure of the deity at the new cult place was essential and the easiest way to find one would be if you had one that you were free to take with you; this was the case, for instance, with the 1 Most recently Enmarch (2008, 145). See Quack (2010a, 19).2 This means also that it was possible to take gods into exile after conquering a foreign region, but since this does not entail veneration for the deity in its new place, I will not dwell on that issue here. 3 For example, in the Tale of Wenamun, see Schipper (2005). See globally Quack (2010a).

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Imported Cults

Cited by 2 publications

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Religious symbolism of the Palm Branch in the Greco-Roman Tombs of Egypt

Religious symbolism of the Palm Branch in the Greco-Roman Tombs of Egypt

Importing and Exporting Gods? On the Flow of Deities Between Egypt and Its Neighboring Countries

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