Importance of water for the health and productivity of the dairy cow

Little, W.; Sansom, B. F.; Manston, R.; Allen, W. M.

doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(18)31866-6

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It was clear, however, that the 8-h dehydration caused a decrease in the FP blood , which was consistent with results of Choshniak et al (1984), whereas rehydration caused an increase (Dahlborn et al, 1997). This was in contrast to Little et al (1984) who found no change until 24 h after initiated deprivation.…”

Section: Fp Bloodcontrasting

confidence: 93%

“…Mean hourly PCV did not differ between control, dehydration/rehydration, and reconstitution periods, which was in agreement with Little et al (1984), who found no significant difference in PCV between dehydrated and control British Friesian cows until 62 h after initiated dehydration. Moreover, PCV did not change significantly during rehydration.…”

Section: Pcvsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…During water deprivation in camels (Dahlborn et al, 1997) and goats (Dahlborn, 1987), plasma osmolality and milk osmolality have been reported to increase simultaneously, and similarly plasma osmolality and milk osmolality will decrease in response to rehydration (Dahlborn et al, 1997). However, Little et al (1984) reported that osmolality does not increase until 24 h after initiated water deprivation, and this corresponds with other findings where transfer time of 3 H 2 O has been studied from plasma to milk and from rumen to plasma. Linzell and Peaker (1971b) reported a lag phase of approximately 25 min after an i.v.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Changes in Freezing Point of Blood and Milk During Dehydration and Rehydration in Lactating Cows

Bjerg¹,

Rasmussen²,

Nielsen

2005

Journal of Dairy Science

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We studied the influence of short-term changes in water intake in 4 lactating Holstein cows on diurnal fluctuation of packed cell volume (PCV), freezing point of blood (FPblood), freezing point of milk (FPmilk), and the relationship between changes in FPblood and FPmilk. The experiment lasted 108 h and was divided into 3 periods: 1) control (38 h); 2) dehydration/rehydration with 4 consecutive 12-h sequences: 8 h without water, 0.5-h access to water, 1.5 h without water, and 2-h access to water; and (3) 22 h for reconstitution. Cows were milked at 12-h intervals. Blood was sampled from the jugular vein hourly throughout the experiment, and at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, and 240 min after initiated rehydration following the 8-h dehydration sequences. Intakes of free water and water in feed were recorded every hour. The PCV was negatively affected by water intake within the hour before sampling. Dehydration lowered FPblood steadily, whereas FPblood increased by 0.024 degrees C within 30 min following a large water intake in the rehydration period. The FPblood was not significantly influenced by actual water intake, but was highly correlated with the available water pool at time of blood sampling. The FPmilk correlated positively with the FPblood collected 1 h before milk sampling, indicating a delay in the transfer of water from plasma to milk. In summary, FPblood and FPmilk decrease during dehydration and increase during rehydration. Rehydration following a long dehydration period caused an increase in FPmilk within 1 h, but not above the initial level for FPmilk of the cow.

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Section: Fp Bloodcontrasting

confidence: 93%

Section: Pcvsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Changes in Freezing Point of Blood and Milk During Dehydration and Rehydration in Lactating Cows

Bjerg¹,

Rasmussen²,

Nielsen

2005

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Grazing cattle drink 2-5 times a day if they have free access. If access is limited, milk production falls (Little et al, 1984). There should be at least one watering space per 20 head of cattle.…”

Section: Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dairy Herd Health and Productivity Service

Kelly¹,

Whitaker²,

Smith³

1988

British Veterinary Journal

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DECLARATION I declare that this thesis and the work presented herein was done entirely by myself unless otherwise indicated. Acknowledgements This work would not have been possible without the help and cooperation of a great many people. During my time in the Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies I was initially encouraged in the establishment of the Dairy Herd Health and Productivity Service by the late Professor Gordon Ferguson. During the past years the continuation and development of the service has always had the enthusiastic support of Professor Richard Halliwell and other colleagues.David Whitaker has been involved with me in operating the DHHPS over twenty years and I have been fortunate in having such a committed and enthusiastic colleague. Grateful thanks are also due to Alex Dowell who has been in charge of the laboratory analysis over the entire length of the project and has diligently overseen the introduction of new equipment, new assays and has supervised the quality control. He has been ably assisted by a number of technical staff over this period. Sandra Smith has been of invaluable help in providing assistance with the analysis, collation and presentation of a vast amount of data.I am grateful to Kath Tracey for assistance with the final typing of this thesis.Thanks are also due to many large animal veterinary practitioners who for many years have been staunch supporters of the project. I gratefully acknowledge our sponsors, initially Spillers Agriculure and then for the greater part of the time Dalgety Agriculture. Without their financial backing and the involvement of their nutritional advisers and other support staff the operation of the DHHPS would not have been possible.Most important of all the service could not have functioned without the key participants, the farmers, whose enthusiastic support I gratefully acknowledge.On a personal basis I would like to thank my late wife Elizabeth who was a constant source of inspiration and encouragement to me in all I attempted to achieve. ABSTRACT Herd health and reproduction have been ranked as top priorities for improving the future productivity and profitability of dairy enterprises. There is a multitude of genetic, disease, nutritional, management and physiological issues that can dramatically alter health and reproduction. It is generally agreed that a multidisciplinary approach is necessary if improvement is to be achieved. Herd health schemes have evolved in the dairy industry throughout the world but the uptake of such schemes in the UK has been low. The veterinary input to many dairy farms is at best routine fertility visits confined to examination of the reproductive tract, and at worst occasional emergency calls. The Dairy Herd Health and Productivity Service (DHHPS) was established to provide the opportunity for veterinary surgeons to lead a multidisciplinary team which can monitor health, fertility and production and can plan remedial action, when necessary. Over a period of twenty years it has continued to identify infertility, mas...

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“…Drinking below optimal levels lowers the feed intake of dairy cows, resulting in lower milk yield (Burgos et al 2001;Salem and Smith 2008), decreased body weight, increased temperature, and decreased quality and quantity of milk (Little et al 1984). While some studies cite water provision as a barrier to improved livestock productivity (World Bank 2007), they fail to consider the multiple obstacles to water provision.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smallholder farmers’ attitudes toward the provision of drinking water for dairy cows in Kagera, Tanzania

Forbes

Kepe

2014

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Agriculture's large share of Tanzanian GDP and the large percentage of rural poor engaged in the sector make it a focus for many development projects that see it as an area of attention for reducing rural poverty. This paper uses a case of the Kamachumu community, where a dairy cow loan project was implemented using the heifer-in-trust (HIT) model. This study finds that productivity is limited by how the cows are being managed, particularly with many animals not having ad lib access to drinking water. The paper explores reasons why farmers do or do not provide their cows with unlimited access to drinking water. The study concludes that there are many barriers farmers face, including water accessibility, education and training, infrastructure, simple negligence, and security. These results suggest an increase in extension services and national and local livestock policies that consider the specific realities of small-scale dairy farmers.

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Importance of water for the health and productivity of the dairy cow

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Changes in Freezing Point of Blood and Milk During Dehydration and Rehydration in Lactating Cows

Changes in Freezing Point of Blood and Milk During Dehydration and Rehydration in Lactating Cows

A Dairy Herd Health and Productivity Service

Smallholder farmers’ attitudes toward the provision of drinking water for dairy cows in Kagera, Tanzania

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