Importance of viral pathogens in children with acute gastroenteritis in the south of Iran

Najafi, Akram; Najafi, Shariat; Vahdat, Katayoun; Kargar, Mohammad; Javdani, Negin

doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2013.124

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…We found HAdV in around 5% of children with acute gastroenteritis. Our findings were consistent with the detection rate of HAdV among acute gastroenteritis cases in earlier studies in Iran and other countries, which ranged from 2% to 9% and 1% to 31%, respectively. Three species and five types of HAdV were detected to be circulating during the study period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In Iran, previous studies from 2002 to 2016 have been reported the prevalence of HAdV ranging from 2% to 9% among children, while AdV‐40 and AdV‐41 have been the most predominantly reported circulating types . Moreover, few reports have shown that AdV‐41 was the dominant type associated with acute gastroenteritis among children, which were similar to the findings of other studies .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 85%

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Molecular analysis of human adenoviruses in hospitalized children <5 years old with acute gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran

Arashkia

Bahrami

Farsi

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Virology

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Human adenoviruses (HAdVs), especially AdV-40 and 41, are common causes of nonbacterial sporadic and outbreak gastroenteritis in children. The present study aimed to describe the frequency and genetic analysis of HAdVs in hospitalized children <5 years old with acute gastroenteritis. A total of 376 stool samples obtained from June 2015 to December 2017 were investigated for the presence of HAdVs by polymerase chain reaction. The HAdV DNA was detected in 16 (4.3%) out of 376 stool samples. Based on the hexon hypervariable region (HVR), B, C, and F HADV species including five types HAdV-1, 2, 3, 6, and 41 were identified, among which enteric AdV species F (EAdV-41) was the most dominant. Moreover, our findingsshowed the presence of genomic type cluster 1 (GTC1) pattern in Iranian type 41 strains, which was closely similar to the D1 prototype strain (Tak) and D28. In this regard, a recombination was found in AdV-41 strains presenting the hexon sequence that belonged to GTC1, while fiber sequence clustered with GTC2.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Molecular analysis of human adenoviruses in hospitalized children <5 years old with acute gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran

Arashkia

Bahrami

Farsi

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Similar results are reported from a few other countries[33,42,43,67]. New GII.4 variants have been reported to emerge with unusual spring/summer seasonality[52], along with a total increase in wintertime disease in Europe.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Regionally, in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), several studies have recently assessed the prevalence of NoV among hospitalized children aged < 5 years (hospitalized due to signs of acute gastroenteritis). These studies were performed on a variable sample size in Egypt[30], Israel[31,32], Iran[33], Jordan[34], Kuwait[35], Libya[36,37], Morocco[38], Tunisia[39,40], Turkey[41-45] and Yemen[46]. NoV was detected in stool samples of 6%-30% of hospitalized children aged < 5 years, with GII.4 and GII.3 predominantly reported in these studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of norovirus gastroenteritis among hospitalized children in Lebanon

Melhem

Zaraket

Kreidieh

et al. 2016

WJG

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AIMTo assess the burden of norovirus (NoV) and to determine the diversity of circulating strains among hospitalized children in Lebanon.METHODSStool samples were collected from children presenting with acute gastroenteritis to six major hospitals in Lebanon. A total of 739 eligible stool samples, testing negative for diarrhea caused by rotavirus as a possible viral pathogen, were collected between January 2011 and June 2013. A standardized questionnaire including demographic, epidemiological and clinical observations was used at the time of hospitalization of children presenting with diarrhea. Viral RNA was extracted from stool samples followed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing of a fragment of the viral protein 1 capsid gene. Multiple sequence alignments were carried out and phylogenetic trees were constructed using the MEGA 6 software.RESULTSOverall, 11.2% of stool samples collected from children aged < 5 years tested positive for NoV genogroups I (GI) and II (GII). GII accounted for 10.6% of the gastroenteritis cases with only five samples being positive for GI (0.7%). The majority of hospitalized children showed symptoms of diarrhea, dehydration, vomiting and fever. Upon sequencing of positive samples and based on their clustering in the phylogenetic tree, 4/5 of GI gastroenteritis cases were designated GI.3 and one case as GI.4. GII.4 was predominantly detected in stool of our study participants (68%). We report a JB-15/KOR/2008 GII.4 Apeldoorn 2008-like variant strain circulating in 2011; this strain was replaced between 2012 and 2013 by a variant sharing homology with the Sydney/NSW0514/2012/AUS GII.4 Sydney 2012 and Sydney 2012/FRA GII.4 strains. We also report the co-circulation of non-GII.4 genotypes among hospitalized children. Our data show that NoV gastroenteritis can occur throughout the year with the highest number of cases detected during the hot months.CONCLUSIONThe majority of NoV-associated viral gastroenteritis cases among our participants are attributable to GII.4, which is compatible with results reported worldwide.

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“…In this current work, we report on the clinical, epidemiological, and molecular characterizations of NoV infections among children suffering with AGE in Qatar between June 2016 and June 2018. Several studies from the MENA region had evaluated the prevalence of NoV in pediatric population, including studies from Libya [35,36], Israel [37,38], Jordan [39], Yemen [39], Egypt [40], Tunisia [41,42], Iran [43], Morocco [44], Lebanon [45], and Turkey [44,46]. This study updates the knowledge obtained from other studies in the region; yet, it includes samples from mixed populations and correlates the findings to clinical manifestations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological, Molecular, and Clinical Features of Norovirus Infections among Pediatric Patients in Qatar

Mathew

Alansari

Smatti

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Background: Norovirus (NoV) is recognized as the second most important etiological agent leading to acute gastroenteritis globally. In order to determine the burden and characteristics of NoV infections in children in Qatar, profiling of circulating genotypes and their correlation with demographics and clinical manifestations were evaluated. Methods: A total of 177 NoV-positive fecal samples were collected from children suffering from acute gastroenteritis (AGE) during two-year period between June 2016 and June 2018. The age of the subjects ranged between 3 months and 12 years (median of 15 months). Genotyping was performed by amplifying and sequencing parts of viral VP1 and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) regions. Phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary relationships were performed using MEGA7.0. Fisher’s exact test was used to run statistical analysis for the clinical and demographical characteristics of circulating strains. Results: Overall, NoV infections were relatively higher in males than females with a ratio of 1.3:1 (p = 0.0073). Most of the NoV infections were reported in children between 1 and 3 years old (49.7%), followed by those <1 and >3 years of age (41.2% and 9.1%, respectively). NoV infections occurred throughout the year, with a noticeable increase in summer (36.6%) and drop in winter (25.4%). Nearly all (98.8%) NoV-infected children were positive for genogroup II (GII) compared to only two samples (1.2%) being positive for genogroup I (GI): GI.3 and GI.4. NoV genotype GII.4 (62.2%), GII.2 (15.8%), and GII.3 (13.5%) were predominant in our study. The detected strains shared >98% sequence homology with emerging recombinant strain of GII.P16-GII.4/RUS/Novosibirsk/2017 (MG892929), GII.P16-GII.4 Sydney/2012 (KY887601), GII.4 Sydney/2012, recombinant GII.P4 New Orleans /2009/GII.4 Sydney 2012 (MG585810.1), and the emerging strain GII.P16-GII.2 CHN/2017 (MH321823). Severe clinical illness (vesikari score >10) was reported in children infected with genotypes sharing homology with the above emerging strains. While GII.4 was reported in all age groups, NoV GII.3 infections were higher in children <1 year of age. Both genogroups (GII.4 and GII.3) in addition to GII.2 reported higher incidence in Qatari subjects compared to other nationalities (p = 0.034). Conclusion: This is the first report about NoV molecular epidemiology in Qatar. The most detected NoV strain was genogroup GII, which is the dominant genotype in the Middle East region. Further, we report GII.4, GII.2, and GII.3 as the most predominant NoV genotypes in our study. Moreover, disease severity scores were higher among children genotyped with genogroup GI (GI.4) and genogroup GII (GII.4, GII.2, GII.3, GII.6, and GII.7).

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Importance of viral pathogens in children with acute gastroenteritis in the south of Iran

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

Molecular analysis of human adenoviruses in hospitalized children <5 years old with acute gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran

Molecular analysis of human adenoviruses in hospitalized children <5 years old with acute gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of norovirus gastroenteritis among hospitalized children in Lebanon

Epidemiological, Molecular, and Clinical Features of Norovirus Infections among Pediatric Patients in Qatar

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