Importance of Preoperative Knowledge of the Biomarker HE4 in Early-stage Endometrial Cancer Regarding Surgical Management

Abstract

HE4 levels correspond to clinical and FIGO stage of the disease. The sensitivity and specificity does not reach the transvaginal ultrasound results in preoperative assessment of the extent of the disease. Combination of HE4 with ultrasound does not improve the stratification of patients into low-risk and high-risk groups. Preoperative assessment of HE4 is useful providing no imaging method is available.

Preoperative HE4 Tumor Marker and Prognostic Factors in Endometrial Cancer: Review Article

“…A significant correlation between advanced stage disease (III-IV) and higher HE4 levels was showed in several studies [4,5,10,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], when analyzing the FIGO stage.…”

“…Thus, in the international guides of EC management, the presence of deep myometrial invasion (IB stage) lead to the requirement of doing a LDN in apparently low risk cases [8]. In the review of the literature, the deep myometrial invasion was related to higher values of preoperative HE4 [4,10,[16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

“…Evidence that connects HE4 preoperative levels with prognostics factors of EC is still restricted and generates heterogeneous findings. Nevertheless, it seems like HE4 preoperative value can be correlated with prognostic variables of EC [3][4][5][6][7].…”

The fabrication of magnetic particle-based chemiluminescence immunoassay for human epididymis protein-4 detection in ovarian cancer

“…Therefore, timely screening and detecting ovarian cancer in the earlier stage could be the significant approach to reduce the mortality. However, lack of clinical symptoms and due to the low incidence in early stage hinder the occurrence of detection sensitivity [7] , [8] . Since the early and accurate prognosis analysis is the fundamental premise to improve the survival rates of patients with ovarian cancer, therefore it is highly demanded biomarkers with higher diagnostic accuracy, and setting up the sensitive and reliable analytical methods to monitor ovarian cancer in a timely and accurate way in patients.…”