Importance of microenvironment to arbovirus vector distribution in an urban area, São Paulo, Brazil

Abstract

Introduction: The study of the landscape ecology, biological microhabitat, and epidemiological implications for the distribution of the main vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus contribute to the prevention and control actions regarding the diseases they transmit. Methods: This study sought to assess data on positive properties of the vector control program activities from 1998 to 2010. An entomological survey was also carried out on a sample of buildings collecting larvae and pupae from containers between October and April (spring / summer) from 2002 to 2005. We assessed the physico-chemical data of the water in 20% of positive containers. The vegetation and urbanization were assessed with the aid of satellite images and microenvironments were classified as urbanized, woods, and shrubs. The data were analyzed using statistical and geoprocessing software. Results: Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus colonized all types of microhabitats and microenvironments, predominantly in the urbanized area, in isolation and in coexistence. The microhabitat of Ae. aegypti showed a temperature gradient greater than that of Ae. albopictus, and there was an association with urbanized areas for the first species and wooded areas for the last species. Conclusions: Landscape ecology and intra-urban differences favor different microclimates, which contribute to the coexistence of species in the urban environment in an area close to the forest, raising the risk of other arbovirus infections in urban areas. The ecological niche should be considered for Ae. albopictus. Entomological and virologic monitoring are suggested as arbovirus surveillance actions in urban infested centers near preserved forests.

Expansion of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1894) in northern Brazil: new records and distribution in urban areas of Macapa city

“…With the exception of Acre state, the presence of Aedes albopictus has been reported in all states of Brazil (Saraiva et al 2019;Ferreira-de-Lima et al 2020). Its spread in urban areas and its important capacity as a vector of arboviruses have been monitored in several studies (Arduino et al 2020;Honorio et al 2019;Melo Ximenes et al 2020).…”

Seroprevalence of Chikungunya virus and living conditions in Feira de Santana, Bahia-Brazil

“…These contrasts reveal that the study of the determinants of the occurrence of virus infections transmitted by mosquitoes of Aedes genus is very complex, especially in urban centres with co-circulation of three of these agents (DENV, CHIKV and ZIKV), as occur in FSA since 2015 [13]. Possibly it is due to factors inherent to the receptivity of the physical environment [29] and socioeconomic conditions [30,31], beyond other factors involved, such as, the existence of competition between different agents for the vector, the possibility of co-infection in humans and mosquitoes [32] and the vector control measures adopted in each specific space [33].…”

Evaluation of superabsorbent polymer (SAP) in oviposition traps used in the integrated control of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) (Diptera:Culicidae)

“…aegypti and Ae. albopictus 34 . The large number of eggs deposited on the gel of the OH and OG traps demonstrated that the hydrated SAP stimulated the deposition of eggs directly on the hydrogel ( Figure S5 ).…”

“…aegypti and Ae. albopictus for more than 20 years 34 , and has experienced annual epidemics of dengue and, more recently, the circulation of Zika and chikungunya viruses.…”