Importance of long non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of prostate cancer

Abstract

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulatory transcripts with essential roles in the pathogenesis of almost all types of cancers, including prostate cancer. They can act as either oncogenic lncRNAs or tumor suppressor ones in prostate cancer. Small nucleolar RNA host genes are among the mostly assessed oncogenic lncRNAs in this cancer. PCA3 is an example of oncogenic lncRNAs that has been approved as a diagnostic marker in prostate cancer. A number of well-known oncogenic lncRNAs in other cancers such as DANCR, MALAT1, CCAT1, PVT1, TUG1 and NEAT1 have also been shown to act as oncogenes in prostate cancer. On the other hand, LINC00893, LINC01679, MIR22HG, RP1-59D14.5, MAGI2-AS3, NXTAR, FGF14-AS2 and ADAMTS9-AS1 are among lncRNAs that act as tumor suppressors in prostate cancer. LncRNAs can contribute to the pathogenesis of prostate cancer via modulation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling, ubiquitin–proteasome degradation process of AR or other important signaling pathways. The current review summarizes the role of lncRNAs in the evolution of prostate cancer with an especial focus on their importance in design of novel biomarker panels and therapeutic targets.

Long noncoding RNA MALAT-1: A versatile regulator in cancer progression, metastasis, immunity, and therapeutic resistance

“…One of the most common cancers impacting men globally is PCa [ 129 , 130 ]. Despite substantial advances in research and therapy, the molecular pathways underlying the onset and spread of PCa are still poorly understood [ 131 ]. By controlling several cellular processes, lncRNAs, such as PCa, have become important participants in cancer biology [ 131 , 132 ].…”

“…Despite substantial advances in research and therapy, the molecular pathways underlying the onset and spread of PCa are still poorly understood [ 131 ]. By controlling several cellular processes, lncRNAs, such as PCa, have become important participants in cancer biology [ 131 , 132 ]. MALAT-1 is one such lncRNA that has attracted much interest in studying PCa [ 133 , 134 ].…”

Brevilin A shows an anti-tumor role in prostate cancer via the lncRNA H19/miR-194/E2F3 signaling pathway

“…Some reports have substantiated that lncRNAs can drive cancer phenotypes, such as regulating tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis and shortening or prolonging the cell cycle [ 20 ]. Some lncRNAs can play an inhibitory role in prostate cancer development [ 21 ]. Studies have corroborated the functions of H19 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in prostate cancer by affecting perineural invasion of this cancer [ 22 ].…”