Background: Urolithiasis is the most common complication of horseshoe kidney (HK), which can be treated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), flexible ureteroscopy (FURS), and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). When comparing treatments of ESWL and FURS, it is unclear which is more efficient and safe. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of FURS and SWL for the treatment of urolithiasis in HK patients.Methods: A systematic search of the Web of Science, PubMed, and EMBASE was performed in February 2021. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the risk of bias in each study.Results: Five studies published between 2008 and 2018 were synthesized in the present meta-analysis. The study revealed that FURS compared with SWL had greater initial and overall stone-free rates (SFRs). Risk ratios (RRs) were 2.46 (P < 0.00001) in initial SFRs, 1.36 (P = 0.02) in overall SFRs. No differences were found in the retreatment ratio, RRs were 0.49 (P = 0.43). In addition, no major complications were encountered, and all the complications were mild to moderate.Conclusion: The study demonstrated that FURS and SWL are effective and safe treatments for patients with HK with stones (<20 mm). Moreover, FURS has greater clearance rates and lower complication rates than SWL.
Aim. We aimed to establish a prognostic nomogram for penile cancer (PC) patients based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database. Methods. Data from 1643 patients between 2010 and 2015 were downloaded and extracted from the SEER database. They were randomly divided into the development group (70%) and the verification group (30%), and then, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression, respectively, was used to explore the possible risk factors of PC. The factors significantly related to overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were used to establish the nomogram, which was assessed via the concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and calibration curve. An internal validation was conducted to test the accuracy and effectiveness of the nomogram. Kaplan–Meier calculation was used to predict the further OS and CSS status of these patients. Results. On multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression, the independent prognostic risk factors associated with OS were age, race, marital status, N/M stage, surgery, surgery of lymph nodes, and histologic type, with a moderate C-index of 0.737 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.713–0.760) and 0.766 (95% CI: 0.731–0.801) in the development and verification groups, respectively. The areas under the ROC (AUC) of 3- and 5-year OS were 0.749 and 0.770, respectively. While marital status, N/M stage, surgery, surgery of lymph nodes, and histologic type were significantly linked to PC patients’ CSS, which have better C-index of 0.802 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.771–0.833) and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.775–0.865) in the development and verification groups, and the AUC of 3- and 5-year CSS were 0.766 and 0.787. Both of the survival calibration curves of 3- and 5-year OS and CSS brought out a high consistency. Conclusion. Our study produced a satisfactory nomogram revealing the survival of PC patients, which could be helpful for clinicians to assess the situation of PC patients and to implement further treatment.
Brevilin A, a natural sesquiterpene lactone extracted from Centipeda minima , has been found with antitumor properties. Our study probed the functions of Brevilin A in prostate cancer cells and the mechanisms among Brevilin A, lncRNA H19, miR-194, and E2F3 on the biological behaviors of the cells. CCK8, Transwell, and TUNEL staining assays examined the impact of Brevilin A on prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, respectively. qRT-PCR and western blot determined lncRNA H19, miR-194, and E2F3 profiles. The influence of Brevilin A on the profiles of lncRNA H19, miR-194, and E2F3 was measured. A xenograft model of prostate cancer nude mice was taken to confirm the impact of Brevilin A and lncRNA H19 on cancer cell growth. Consequently, Brevilin A dampened prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, suppressed the expressions of lncRNA H19 and E2F3, and enhanced miR-194 level. LncRNA H19 and E2F3 were uplifted, whereas miR-194 was abated in prostate cancer cells and tissues. LncRNA H19 targeted miR-194 to positively modulate E2F3 expression, boosted DU145 cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and curbed apoptosis. In the xenograft model, Brevilin A repressed tumor growth, whereas lncRNA H19 fostered tumor growth. Brevilin A suppressed the promotive effect of lncRNA H19 in PC cell growth in vivo . To conclude, Brevilin A modulates the biological behaviors of prostate cancer cells via the lncRNA H19/miR-194/E2F3 axis. Brevilin A exerts an anti-tumor function in prostate cancer.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has shown promising results in patients with locally advanced penile cancer. However, no consensus exists on its applications for locally advanced penile cancer. Thus, it is unclear which kind of chemotherapy regimen is the best choice. Consequently, a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE was performed in March 2021 to assess the efficacy and safety of NAC for the treatment of patients with locally advanced penile cancer. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias in each study. This study synthesized 14 published studies. The study revealed that patients who achieved an objective response to NAC obtained a better survival outcome compared with those who did not achieve an objective response. In addition, the objective response rates (ORRs) and pathological complete response (pCR) rates were 0.57 and 0.11, respectively. The incidence of grade ≥3 toxicity was 0.36. Subgroup analysis found that the ORR and pCR of the taxane–platinum (TP) regimen group performed better than those of the nontaxane–platinum (NTP) regimen group (0.57 vs 0.54 and 0.14 vs 0.07, respectively). Moreover, the TP regimen group had more frequent toxicity than the NTP regimen group (0.41 vs 0.26). However, further studies were warranted to confirm the findings.
Background: We aimed to establish a prognostic nomogram for Penile Cancer (PC) patients based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database.Methods: Data of 1694 patients between 2010 and 2015 were downloaded and extracted from the SEER database. Then, they were randomly divided into the development group (70%) and the verification group (30%). Following, the univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was respectively used to explore the possible risk factors of PC. Factors which significantly related to the overall survival (OS) were used to establish the nomogram. Further, the concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and calibration curve were used to assess the nomogram, respectively. An internal validation was carried out to test the accuracy and effectiveness of nomogram. Finally, the Kaplan-Meier calculation was used to predict the further survival status of these patients.Results: Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression demonstrated that the independent prognostic risk factors associated with PC were age, stage T, N and M, and grade, with a moderate c-index of 0.732 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.706-0.757] in development group and 0.743 (95% CI, 0.703-0.782) in verification group. Meanwhile, the areas under the ROC (AUC) of 3-year and 5-year survival were 0.739 and 0.727, respectively. The survival calibration curves of 3-year and 5-year brought out a high consistency. Conclusion: Our study obtained a satisfactory nomogram to reveal the survival of PC patients, which could be helpful for clinicians to assess the situation of PC patients and to implement the further treatment.
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