Importance of inverse correlation between ALDH3A1 and PPARγ in tumor cells and tissue regeneration

Abstract

Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymes are involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis by metabolizing both endogenous and exogenous reactive aldehydes. They modulate several cell functions including proliferation, differentiation, survival as well as cellular response to oxidative stress. We previously reported that ALDH3A1 expression is inversely correlated with the activation of PPARs (Peroxisome Proliferators-Activated Receptors), a category of orphan nuclear hormone receptors, in both rat and human cells. PPARγ is involved in cell proliferation. In this study, we have used PPARγ transfection and inhibition to examine the relationship between ALDH3A1 and PPARγ and their role as regulators of cell proliferation. Induction of PPARγ in A549 and NCTC 2544 cells by transfection caused a decrease in ALDH3A1 and inhibition of cell proliferation, a result we obtained previously using ligands that induce PPARγ. A reduction of PPARγ expression using siRNA increased ALDH3A1 expression and cell proliferation. In cells induced to proliferate in a model of tissue regeneration, ALDH3A1 expression increased during the period of proliferation, whereas PPARγ expression decreased. In conclusion, through modulation of PPARγ or ALDH3A1, it may be possible to reduce cell proliferation in tumor cells or stimulate cell proliferation in normal cells during tissue regeneration.

Post-natal cardiomyocytes can generate iPS cells with an enhanced capacity toward cardiomyogenic re-differentation

“…26 On the other hand, Aldh3a1 expression regulates proliferation, survival, as well as cellular response to oxidative stress. 27 It is thus possible that this gene is implicated in CM differentiation.…”

The Synergistic Effect of Chemical Carcinogens Enhances Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation and Tumor Progression of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells

“…MGLL, a monoglyceride lipase overexpressed in several cancers [59], [60], was significantly downregulated in recurrent EBV reactivated cells and in all 31 NPC biopsies (Table S4C and Figure 5C). ALDH3A1, an aldehyde dehydrogenase involved in the acetaldehyde detoxification and steroids metabolism, had been shown to be upregulated in tumors and can promote cell proliferation [61], [62]. PSCA, a prostate stem cell antigen, has been reported to be upregulated in bladder, prostate and pancreatic cancers [63], [64] but is downregulated in esophageal and gastric cancers [65], [66].…”

Biocompatibility versus peritoneal mesothelial cells of polypropylene prostheses for hernia repair, coated with a thin silica/silver layer

“…Composite prostheses comprise two layers that differ in material and/or morphology, or a single mesh layer, variously coated . Among two‐layer prostheses, the CMC prosthesis, comprising two different polypropylene layers, a macroporous light mesh, and a thin transparent film, has good biocompatibility, and its visceral side lacks adhesiveness to fibroblasts . A number of studies have shown clear advantages for composite prostheses compared with simple meshes …”

“…This study examined the biocompatibility of a synthetic Clear Mesh Composite (CMC) prosthesis. CMC is a polypropylene composite hernia prosthesis, whose biocompatibility versus fibroblasts and keratinocytes has been demonstrated . Here, the biocompatibility of CMC was studied using mesothelial cells isolated from the human omentum, these being the cells destined to be in contact with the prosthesis.…”