Biocompatibility versus peritoneal mesothelial cells of polypropylene prostheses for hernia repair, coated with a thin silica/silver layer

Abstract

Hernias are generally repaired using synthetic prostheses. Infection may already be present or develop during implantation. Based on the increasing resistance to antibiotics, and the well-known antimicrobial properties of silver (Ag), the possibility of coating hernia prostheses with a nanostructured layer containing Ag was explored. Prostheses (Clear Mesh Composite [CMC]) made up of two polypropylene layers (macroporous light mesh and thin transparent film) were tested with human mesothelial cells from omentum biopsies. Mesotheliocytes modulate abdominal wall healing producing cytokines, growth factors, and adhesion molecules. Evaluating the growth of these cells on CMC or film alone showed that cell numbers on CMC increased over time, and were higher than those on film alone. Vimentin immunostaining confirmed the cells to be mesotheliocytes. Subsequently, the biocompatibility of mesh layer, coated or not with a thin layer of Ag/SiO -nanoclusters, was analyzed, showing no difference in absence or presence of Ag/SiO . Differently, TGF-β2 production, involved in tissue repair and fibrosis, increased in the presence of Ag/SiO . Moreover, Ag/SiO -coated mesh showed antibacterial properties. In conclusion, the mesh layer coated with Ag/SiO afforded cell growth, and showed antibacterial activity. Coating only the mesh layer did not decrease film transparency, and did not favor the formation of adhesions on the visceral side. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1586-1593, 2017.

Glass-based coatings on biomedical implants: a state-of-the-art review

“…Very recently, Muzio et al [98] deposited a silver nanocluster/SiO 2 glass composite coating on a polypropylene prosthesis comprising a porous mesh in contact with the parietal side and a 70-µm thick smooth layer that prevented adhesion with intestine and viscera (Fig. 4d).…”

Multifunctional stratified composite coatings by electrophoretic deposition and RF co-sputtering for orthopaedic implants

“…However, the RF sputtering of silversilica nanocluster at the same parameters with 15 min of sputtering time, yields atomic ratio of 0.37 ± 0.015 for (Ag/(Ag ? Si)) [32]. However, in the current work, the composition of silver in the top layer could not be measured because of the complex multilayer composite coating's structure and high roughness of the bottom EPD layer.…”

“…The Ag/SiO 2 ratio was tailored to avoid an excess of Ag (higher concentration of Ag may lead to toxicity). The Ag/ SiO 2 ratio was adjusted by applying a duty cycle to the Ag target; the plasma on the Ag target was turned-on for 1 s after every 24 s through the whole deposition process of 20 and 40 min [32]. Pure Argon atmosphere was used with a deposition pressure of 5.5 dPa, and the pressure before deposition was below 0.01 mPa.…”

“…The multi-structured coatings obtained via RF sputtering and EPD were compared with Ag-EPD coatings to ascertain the loaded value of the Ag-SiO 2 RF layer. It has been reported that a homogeneous layer of Ag-SiO 2 nanoclusters can be deposited by RF co-sputtering techniques [32,33,[37][38][39].…”

Prosthetic Meshes for Hernia Repair: State of Art, Classification, Antimicrobial Approaches, and Fabrication Methods

“…Polypropylene meshes with a silica/silver layer have been proposed for hernia repair and showed good biocompatibility in peritoneal mesothelial cells and tissue repair [244]. An antimicrobial mesh made of PP (Optilene Silver Mesh ® from Braun) with a coating of nano-crystalline silver showed significantly better bactericidal effect than the normal PP meshes [122].…”