Importance of Indigenous Peoples’ lands for the conservation of Intact Forest Landscapes

Fa, John E.; Watson, James; Leiper, Ian; Potapov, Peter; Evans, Tom; Burgess, Neil D.; Molnár, Zsolt; Fernández‐Llamazares, Álvaro; Duncan, Tom; Wang, Stephanie; Austin, Beau J.; Jonas, Harry; Robinson, Catherine J.; Malmer, Pernilla; Zander, Kerstin K.; Jackson, Micha V.; Ellis, Erle C.; Brondízio, Eduardo S.; Garnett, Stephen T.

doi:10.1002/fee.2148

Cited by 232 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The exception is category VI, which includes indigenous and community protected areas, some of which contain very extensive areas with low human population pressure, and for which mean integrity scores are comparable to those in category I. Some of these differences probably represent differences at the time of establishment, so time series or quasi-experimental methods are needed to clarify the degree to which the various categories are effective in mitigating threats to integrity, as suggested by Fa et al 52 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity

et al. 2020

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Many global environmental agendas, including halting biodiversity loss, reversing land degradation, and limiting climate change, depend upon retaining forests with high ecological integrity, yet the scale and degree of forest modification remain poorly quantified and mapped. By integrating data on observed and inferred human pressures and an index of lost connectivity, we generate a globally consistent, continuous index of forest condition as determined by the degree of anthropogenic modification. Globally, only 17.4 million km2 of forest (40.5%) has high landscape-level integrity (mostly found in Canada, Russia, the Amazon, Central Africa, and New Guinea) and only 27% of this area is found in nationally designated protected areas. Of the forest inside protected areas, only 56% has high landscape-level integrity. Ambitious policies that prioritize the retention of forest integrity, especially in the most intact areas, are now urgently needed alongside current efforts aimed at halting deforestation and restoring the integrity of forests globally.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity

et al. 2020

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“…Indigenous Peoples' lands cover at least 38 million km 2 (28.3%) of Earth's land surface (Garnett et al 2018) and include some of the highest quality forest lands worldwide (Fa et al 2020). It follows that Indigenous Peoples are stewards of a substantial proportion of Earth's biodiversity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of Indigenous Peoples’ lands for the conservation of terrestrial mammals

O’Bryan

Garnett

et al. 2020

Conservation Biology

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Indigenous Peoples' lands cover over one-quarter of Earth's surface, a significant proportion of which is still free from industrial-level human impacts. As a result, Indigenous Peoples and their lands are crucial for the long-term persistence of Earth's biodiversity and ecosystem services. Yet, information on species composition on these lands globally remains largely unknown. We conducted the first comprehensive analysis of terrestrial mammal composition across mapped Indigenous lands based on data on area of habitat (AOH) for 4460 mammal species assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. We overlaid each species' AOH on a current map of Indigenous lands and found that 2695 species (60% of assessed mammals) had ≥10% of their ranges on Indigenous Peoples' lands and 1009 species (23%) had >50% of their ranges on these lands. For threatened species, 473 (47%) occurred on Indigenous lands with 26% having >50% of their habitat on these lands. We also found that 935 mammal species (131 categorized as threatened) had ≥ 10% of their range on Indigenous Peoples' lands that had low human pressure. Our results show how important Indigenous Peoples' lands are to the successful implementation of conservation and sustainable development agendas worldwide.

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“…Moreover, in any discussion of the conservation of natural resources, we need to consider the role played by Indigenous Peoples. According to the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs and the World Bank there are about 370 million Indigenous Peoples worldwide, living in some 90 countries (most of them in the tropics) (Garnett et al, 2018;Fa et al, 2020;UNDESA, 2020;World Bank, 2020e). Indigenous People inhabit a quarter of the world's land area and many live in biologically vulnerable environments (e.g., rain forests).…”

Section: Conclusion and Key Challenges Aheadmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indigenous People inhabit a quarter of the world's land area and many live in biologically vulnerable environments (e.g., rain forests). Indigenous Peoples hold vital traditional knowledge, and for millennia have sustainably used local natural resources, even in the face of natural disasters (Garnett et al, 2018;Fa et al, 2020;El Bizri et al, 2020;Jarrett, Cummins & Logan-Hines, 2017). And while they represent about five percent of the world's population and protect about 80 percent of the world's biodiversity, they account for some 15% of the extreme poor, and their life expectancy is 20 years lower than the life expectancy of nonindigenous peoples worldwide (FAO, 2015;World Bank, 2020d).…”

Section: Conclusion and Key Challenges Aheadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and future trends in socio-economic, demographic and governance factors affecting global primate conservation

Estrada

Garber

Chaudhary

2020

PeerJ

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Currently, ~65% of extant primate species (ca 512 species) distributed in 91 countries in the Neotropics, mainland Africa, Madagascar, South Asia and Southeast Asia are threatened with extinction and 75% have declining populations as a result of deforestation and habitat loss resulting from increasing global market demands, and land conversion for industrial agriculture, cattle production and natural resource extraction. Other pressures that negatively impact primates are unsustainable bushmeat hunting, the illegal trade of primates as pets and as body parts, expanding road networks in previously isolated areas, zoonotic disease transmission and climate change. Here we examine current and future trends in several socio-economic factors directly or indirectly affecting primates to further our understanding of the interdependent relationship between human well-being, sustainable development, and primate population persistence. We found that between 2001 and 2018 ca 191 Mha of tropical forest (30% canopy cover) were lost as a result of human activities in the five primate range regions. Forty-six percent of this loss was in the Neotropics (Mexico, Central and South America), 30% in Southeast Asia, 21% in mainland Africa, 2% in Madagascar and 1% in South Asia. Countries with the greatest losses (ca 57% of total tree cover loss) were Brazil, Indonesia, DRC, China, and Malaysia. Together these countries harbor almost 50% of all extant primate species. In 2018, the world human population was estimated at ca 8bn people, ca 60% of which were found in primate range countries. Projections to 2050 and to 2100 indicate continued rapid growth of the human populations in these five primate range regions, with Africa surpassing all the other regions and totaling ca 4bn people by the year 2100. Socioeconomic indicators show that, compared to developed nations, most primate range countries are characterized by high levels of poverty and income inequality, low human development, low food security, high levels of corruption and weak governance. Models of Shared Socioeconomic Pathway scenarios (SSPs) projected to 2050 and 2100 showed that whereas practices of increasing inequality (SSP4) or unconstrained growth in economic output and energy use (SSP5) are projected to have dire consequences for human well-being and primate survivorship, practices of sustainability-focused growth and equality (SSP1) are expected to have a positive effect on maintaining biodiversity, protecting environments, and improving the human condition. These results stress that improving the well-being, health, and security of the current and future human populations in primate range countries are of paramount importance if we are to move forward with effective policies to protect the world’s primate species and promote biodiversity conservation.

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Importance of Indigenous Peoples’ lands for the conservation of Intact Forest Landscapes

Cited by 232 publications

References 19 publications

Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity

Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity

The importance of Indigenous Peoples’ lands for the conservation of terrestrial mammals

Current and future trends in socio-economic, demographic and governance factors affecting global primate conservation

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