Importance of early radiologic diagnosis of congenital anomalies of the spine

Tadmor, Rina; Ravid, M; Findler, Gideon; Sahar, Abraham

doi:10.1016/0090-3019(85)90245-9

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Spinal cord tethering is characterised by symptoms with progressive intensity such as backpain due to scoliosis, incontinence resulting from a neurogenic bladder, and numbness, weakness or pain of the lower extremity and foot deformity as a result of progressive sensory and motor deficit 3;6;14-16;22-25;29;34 . Spinal cord tethering has been described mostly in children and adolescents 4;6;14;15;19;22-24;32-34 , particularly in patients with spinal dysraphism ( spina bifida aperta or occulta ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spinal cord tethering has been described mostly in children and adolescents 4;6;14;15;19;22-24;32-34 , particularly in patients with spinal dysraphism ( spina bifida aperta or occulta ). Cutaneous stigmata, such as dimples, hairy patches, abnormal pigmentation and lipomas, are often found at the site of the spinal abnormality 15-17;24;29;30;32 . However, cord tethering may also occur in patients without cutaneous signs, thus presenting a truly occult spinal dysraphism 20;29 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cutaneous stigmata, such as dimples, hairy patches, abnormal pigmentation and lipomas, are often found at the site of the spinal abnormality 15-17;24;29;30;32 . However, cord tethering may also occur in patients without cutaneous signs, thus presenting a truly occult spinal dysraphism 20;29 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The various conditions leading to tethering of the spinal cord include a thickened or tight filum terminale, abnormalities of the conus medullaris such as syringomyelia, diplomyelia, diastematomyelia, dermoids or intradural cysts 5;14;15;24;29;30;33 and the various forms of SB aperta or occulta . Even though the etiology of spinal cord tethering can be variable, its pathogenesis appears more uniform, involving pathological fixation of the spinal cord in an abnormal (usually caudal) position 3;24;26;29;30;33 . This elicits traction with daily body movements, leading to repeated extension and distortion of the spinal cord and, finally, to ischemia, progressive neurological deterioration and even skeletal deformity 24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tethering of the spinal cord in mouse fetuses and neonates with spina bifida

Stiefel

Sawada²,

Meuli³

et al. 2003

Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine

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Object. Tethering of the spinal cord is a well-known complication in humans with spina bifida aperta or occulta. Its pathogenesis consists of a pathological fixation of the spinal cord resulting in traction on the neural tissue which, in turn, leads to ischemia and progressive neurological deterioration. Although well established in humans, this phenomenon has not been described in animal models of spina bifida. Methods. A fetal mouse model with naturally occurring, genetically determined spina bifida was produced by generating double mutants between the curly tail and loop-tail mutant strains. Microdissection, labeling with 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate, immunohistochemistry for neurofilaments, H & E staining of histological sections, and whole-mount skeletal preparations were performed and comparisons made among mutant and normal fetuses. Normal fetuses exhibited the onset of progressive physiological ascent of the spinal cord from embryonic Day 15.5. Spinal cord ascent resulted, by embryonic Day 18.5, in spinal nerve roots that pass caudolaterally from the spinal cord toward the periphery. In contrast, fetuses with spina bifida exhibited spinal cord tethering that resulted, at embryonic Day 18.5, in nerve roots that run in a craniolateral direction from the spinal cord. The region of closed spinal cord immediately cranial to the spina bifida lesion exhibited marked narrowing, late in gestation, suggesting that a potentially damaging stretch force is applied to the spinal cord by the tethered spina bifida lesion. Conclusions. This mouse model provides an opportunity to study the onset and early sequelae of spinal cord tethering in spina bifida.

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