Importance of bovine mastitis in Africa

Motaung, Thabiso E.; Petrovski, Kiro; Petzer, Inge-Marié; Thekisoe, Oriel; Tsilo, Toi J.

doi:10.1017/s1466252317000032

Cited by 43 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…Similar subtle changes in pathogen prevalence in South Africa have been noticed (Petzer et al 2009 ). The findings in this study are in line with a recent review by Motaung et al ( 2017 ) on mastitis in the African context, which mentions that S. aureus, S. agalactiae, Str. dysgalactiae, Str.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The prevalence of mastitis pathogens is changing in South Africa, as shown by Petzer et al ( 2009 ). It was reported by Motaung et al ( 2017 ) that in South Africa, fewer than six different pathogens are commonly reported as mastitis - causing pathogens. It was also interesting to note that there was no reported data on pathogen prevalence in many other African countries (Motaung et al 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was reported by Motaung et al ( 2017 ) that in South Africa, fewer than six different pathogens are commonly reported as mastitis - causing pathogens. It was also interesting to note that there was no reported data on pathogen prevalence in many other African countries (Motaung et al 2017 ). There is thus a need to report data from an African context.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of mastitis pathogens in South African pasture-based and total mixed ration-based dairies during 2008 and 2013

Blignaut

Thompson

Petzer

2018

Onderstepoort j. vet. res.

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Recent years have seen a change in the relative prevalence of environmental and contagious intramammary pathogens, as well as a change in the relative number of total mixed ration (TMR)-based and pasture (PAS)-based dairies in South Africa. The objectives of the study were to determine and compare the prevalence of mastitis pathogens in TMR and PAS dairies in South Africa during 2008 and 2013; furthermore, the within-herd prevalence of Streptococcus uberis in Str. uberis-positive herds was determined and compared. The prevalence of each pathogen, as well as the within-herd prevalence of Str. uberis, were compared between the two years and the two management systems using bacterial culture results from routinely collected composite cow milk samples submitted to the Onderstepoort Milk Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria. Coagulase-negative staphylococci had the highest prevalence in both TMR and PAS dairies for both 2008 (29.60% [95.00% CI: 28.80% – 30.40%] and 26.90% [95.00% CI: 25.50% – 28.30%], respectively) and 2013 (20.20% [95.00% CI: 19.30% – 21.10%] and 22.70% [95.00% CI: 22.20% – 23.10%], respectively), which decreased significantly from 2008 to 2013 in both TMR and PAS dairies (p < 0.001). Streptococcus uberis showed an increase in prevalence in both TMR (p = 0.002) and PAS dairies (p = 0.001) from 2008 (2.36% [95.00% CI: 2.10% – 2.65%] and 2.63% [95.00% CI: 2.16% – 3.16%], respectively) to 2013 (3.10% [95.00% CI: 2.72% – 3.51%] and 3.64% [95.00% CI: 3.45% – 3.83%], respectively). Staphylococcus aureus showed a significant decrease in both TMR (p = 0.011) and PAS (p < 0.001) dairies from 2008 (4.71% [95.00% CI: 4.34% – 5.10%] and 5.62% [95.00% CI: 4.94% – 6.36%], respectively) to 2013 (3.95% [95.00% CI: 3.52% – 4.40%] and 1.71% [95.00% CI: 1.58% – 1.84%], respectively). The median within-herd prevalence of Str. uberis for the combined dairy systems showed a significant increase from 2008 (1.72% [IQR: 0.88% – 5.00%]) to 2013 (3.10% [IQR: 1.72% – 4.70%]) (p < 0.001). Statistically significant differences were found in the prevalence of most of the major contagious and environmental mastitis pathogens between 2008 and 2013 and between TMR and PAS dairies. The within-herd prevalence of Str. uberis increased from 2008 to 2013, with the highest within-herd prevalence in PAS dairies in 2013.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevalence of mastitis pathogens in South African pasture-based and total mixed ration-based dairies during 2008 and 2013

Blignaut

Thompson

Petzer

2018

Onderstepoort j. vet. res.

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“…Depending on the visibility of effects of inflammation of the mammary gland, which is attributable to the degree of inflammation, mastitis is classified as clinical or subclinical [22]. Clinical mastitis includes gross abnormality in milk, physical abnormalities of udder and abnormality of cow with systemic involvement while subclinical mastitis does not produce visible effects on udder or milk quality but has important effects on milk composition, mainly an increase in somatic cell counts [23,24]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Economic Impacts of Retained Placenta and Subclinical Mastitis in Tanzanian Dairy Cows

Komba¹,

Kashoma²

2020

Preprint

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Background: Three dairy farms were investigated for occurrence of retained placenta and subclinical mastitis, and the economic impacts attributable to the conditions. Reproductive performance data from 1169 calvings of dairy cows for five consecutive years spanning from 2014 to 2018 were used in this study. A total of 167 cows were screened with the California Mastitis Test (CMT), and udder quarters with CMT score of ≥ 3 (scale 1–5) were milk sampled for culture and final bacteriological identification. Results: Overall prevalences of subclinical mastitis and retained fetal membranes were 35.93% and 10.35%, respectively. The prevalence of bacterial isolates at animal level was 38.92%. Individual bacteria prevalence rates were 66.15% for Staphylococcus aureus, 13.85% for Escherichia coli, 6.15% for Bacillus spp., 6.15% for Streptococcus agalactiae and 7.69% for none typed microorganisms. Overall loss from subclinical mastitis was estimated at 10,603,800/= Tanzanian shillings (Tshs) equivalent to USD $ 4,700 with major losses (81.75%) attributable to the production loss followed by treatment expenditure (18.25%). Average loss attributed to mastitis per quarter was estimated at 49,320/= Tshs (USD $21.5). Retained placenta resulted in an increase (P<0.05) in the period from parturition to conception (148.7 vs. 96.0 days), number of services per conception (2.9 vs. 1.9) and calving interval (434.7 vs. 374.0 days). Conclusion: These findings point out to the economic importance of subclinical mastitis and retained fetal membranes in the dairy industry. This calls for improved milking hygiene, proper attention to health of mammary glands, regular screening tests and application of biosecurity measures as intervention strategies to lower the prevalence of subclinical mastitis and minimize the spread of pathogens in dairy farms. Since retained fetal membrane is an important problem causing great economic losses, appropriate control measures have to be instituted including cow comfort, proper immunization and careful nutritional management (mineral supplementation), particularly during the transition period.

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“…Mastitis is a common and serious disease in dairy cows resulting in enormous economic losses to the dairy industry worldwide (Thompson-Crispi et al 2014;Reshi et al 2015;Motaung et al 2017). Over 137 pathogenic microorganisms induce intramammary infections (Watts 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

miR-122 regulates the JAK-STAT signalling pathway by down-regulating EPO in the mammary gland during Streptococcus agalactiae-induced mastitis

Chen

Chu

et al. 2020

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are single-stranded non-coding RNA of approximately 22 nucleotides estimated to regulate 60% of human and animal genes some of which are associated with cell differentiation, signal transduction and immune processes. Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae)-induced bovine mastitis is associated with up-regulation of miR-122 and down-regulation of erythropoietin (EPO) abundance in mammary gland tissue. TargetScan analysis revealed that EPO is a predicted target gene of miR-122 and this regulatory relationship was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Overexpression of miR-122 in primary bovine mammary cells led to down-regulation of EPO and also the JAK-STAT signalling pathway genes EPOR, JAK2, STAT5A and STAT5B. Accordingly, the mRNA abundance of BCL-2, a downstream gene in the JAK-STAT signalling pathway was significantly down-regulated. Under conditions of miR-122 inhibition, EPO, EPOR, JAK2, STAT5A and STAT5B were up-regulated. These results demonstrated that, through its action on EPO, miR-122 may play an important role in S. agalactiae-induced mastitis by regulating the JAK-STAT signalling pathway. HIGHLIGHTS Understanding the relationship among miR-122, EPO and the JAK-STAT pathway would be helpful in developing new strategies for controlling mastitis.

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Importance of bovine mastitis in Africa

Cited by 43 publications

References 65 publications

Prevalence of mastitis pathogens in South African pasture-based and total mixed ration-based dairies during 2008 and 2013

Prevalence of mastitis pathogens in South African pasture-based and total mixed ration-based dairies during 2008 and 2013

Prevalence and Economic Impacts of Retained Placenta and Subclinical Mastitis in Tanzanian Dairy Cows

miR-122 regulates the JAK-STAT signalling pathway by down-regulating EPO in the mammary gland during Streptococcus agalactiae-induced mastitis

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