Prevalence of mastitis pathogens in South African pasture-based and total mixed ration-based dairies during 2008 and 2013

Blignaut, David J.C.; Thompson, Peter N.; Petzer, Inge-Marié

doi:10.4102/ojvr.v85i1.1482

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The bacteria that cause the most common forms of mastitis are considered contagious and environmental pathogens [27]. Contagious pathogens, such as S. aureus, S. agalactiae and S. dysgalactiae, can survive and grow in the mammary gland.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Antimicrobial Activity of a Film-Forming Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Teat Disinfectant

Lu,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Bovine mastitis caused by infectious pathogens can lead to a decline in production performance and an increase in elimination rate, resulting in huge losses to the dairy industry. This study aims to prepare a novel dairy cow teat disinfectant with polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) as the main bactericidal component and to evaluate its bactericidal activity in vitro and its disinfection effect in dairy cow teats. PHMB disinfectant with a concentration of 3 g/L was prepared with PVA-1788, propylene glycol and glycerol as excipients. When the dilution ratio is 1:4800 and the action time is 5 min, the PHMB teat disinfectant can reduce the four types of bacteria (S. agalactiae ATCC 12386, S. dysgalactiae ATCC 35666, S. aureus ATCC 6538, and E. coli ATCC 8099) by 99.99%. PHMB teat disinfectant applied on the skin of rabbits with four bacteria types achieved an average log10 reduction greater than 4. After 30 s of PHMB teat disinfectant dipping, the bacteria of cow teats were counted prior to disinfection. The mean log10 reduction in bacteria on the skin surface of 12 cows ranged from 0.99 to 3.52 after applying the PHMB teat disinfectant for 10 min. After 12 h, the PHMB teat disinfectant achieved an average log10 reduction in bacteria from 0.27 to 0.68 (compared with that prior to disinfection). These results suggested that PHMB teat disinfection has the potential to prevent and treat mastitis-causing bacteria in dairy herds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Antimicrobial Activity of a Film-Forming Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Teat Disinfectant

Lu,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…These Gram-negative bacteria can enter the mammary gland through the teat canal. A previous study showed that regular teat dipping for mastitis control is not a common practice among small-scale farmers [ 111 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of subclinical mastitis, its associated bacterial isolates and risk factors among cattle in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Khasapane,

Byaruhanga,

Thekisoe

et al. 2023

BMC Vet Res

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Background Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is one of the most economically important diseases affecting the dairy industry. The SCM does not cause visible changes in the udder or physical changes of the milk as compared to clinical mastitis, and a clear overview of the prevalence and risk factors in the different regions of Africa is still lacking. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of SCM and assess the associated risk factors and dominant bacterial pathogens among cattle in Africa. Materials and methods We gathered and systematically reviewed literature concerning SCM, published in English from January 2010 through December 2020 in two databases (PubMed and Web of Science), and meta-analysis was conducted using the ‘meta’ and ‘metafor’ packages in the R statistical software. Results A total of 258 studies were retrieved and at the end of the screening, 82 full-texts were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of SCM was reported in 11 countries in five regions of Africa, and the random-effects model showed that the weighted pooled prevalence estimate (PPE) was 48.2% (95% CI: 43.6–52.8%). Heterogeneity was high and statistically significant as I2 (proportion of observed variation) was 98.1% (95% CI: 98.0-98.3%), τ2 (true between-study variance) was 0.0433 (95% CI: 0.0322–0.0611), and the Cochran Q statistic was 4362.8 (p < 0.0001). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses showed that East Africa had significantly (p = 0.0092) the highest PPE of SCM (67.7%, 95% CI: 55.7–78.7) followed by West Africa (50.5%, 95%CI: 31.4–69.5), and the lowest was in North Africa (40.3%, 95%: 32.2–48.6). Other significant moderators for SCM were age (p < 0.0001), breed (p = 0.0002), lactation stage (p = 0.019) and parity (p = 0.0008) of cattle. Staphylococcus species (prevalence 43.7%) were the most predominant pathogens, followed by Streptococcus (18.2%) and Escherichia species (9.5%). Conclusion The present study showed a high variation of SCM prevalence in various parts of Africa, although there is a need for more data in some regions. The reported prevalence is a clear sign of inappropriate management practices among cattle herds and an indicator of the threat that SCM poses to the dairy industry. The information about the predisposing factors may guide effective management and control strategies to reduce transmission of the disease.

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“…The different meat types studied in African countries include raw unprocessed beef, pork, goat meat, camel meat, lamb/sheep meat, showing varying levels of prevalence [118]. In South Africa, Blignaut et al [127] noted different prevalence rates of 3.95% and 1.71% of S. aureus recovered from total mixed ration-based and pasture-based dairies. Similarly, Sineke and colleagues [128] registered a 68.8% prevalence of S. aureus in intensive pig production employing a farm-to-fork approach.…”

Section: Microbial Contamination Of Meatmentioning

confidence: 99%

A South African Perspective on the Microbiological and Chemical Quality of Meat: Plausible Public Health Implications

Manyi-Loh,

Lues

2023

Microorganisms

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Meat comprises proteins, fats, vitamins, and trace elements, essential nutrients for the growth and development of the body. The increased demand for meat necessitates the use of antibiotics in intensive farming to sustain and raise productivity. However, the high water activity, the neutral pH, and the high protein content of meat create a favourable milieu for the growth and the persistence of bacteria. Meat serves as a portal for the spread of foodborne diseases. This occurs because of contamination. This review presents information on animal farming in South Africa, the microbial and chemical contamination of meat, and the consequential effects on public health. In South Africa, the sales of meat can be operated both formally and informally. Meat becomes exposed to contamination with different categories of microbes, originating from varying sources during preparation, processing, packaging, storage, and serving to consumers. Apparently, meat harbours diverse pathogenic microorganisms and antibiotic residues alongside the occurrence of drug resistance in zoonotic pathogens, due to the improper use of antibiotics during farming. Different findings obtained across the country showed variations in prevalence of bacteria and multidrug-resistant bacteria studied, which could be explained by the differences in the manufacturer practices, handling processes from producers to consumers, and the success of the hygienic measures employed during production. Furthermore, variation in the socioeconomic and political factors and differences in bacterial strains, geographical area, time, climatic factors, etc. could be responsible for the discrepancy in the level of antibiotic resistance between the provinces. Bacteria identified in meat including Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., etc. are incriminated as pathogenic agents causing serious infections in human and their drug-resistant counterparts can cause prolonged infection plus long hospital stays, increased mortality and morbidity as well as huge socioeconomic burden and even death. Therefore, uncooked meat or improperly cooked meat consumed by the population serves as a risk to human health.

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Prevalence of mastitis pathogens in South African pasture-based and total mixed ration-based dairies during 2008 and 2013

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Preparation and Antimicrobial Activity of a Film-Forming Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Teat Disinfectant

Preparation and Antimicrobial Activity of a Film-Forming Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Teat Disinfectant

Prevalence of subclinical mastitis, its associated bacterial isolates and risk factors among cattle in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

A South African Perspective on the Microbiological and Chemical Quality of Meat: Plausible Public Health Implications

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