Implicit memory in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis

Spataro, Pietro; Saraulli, Daniele; Cestari, Vincenzo; Costanzi, Marco; Sciarretta, Antonio; Rossi-Arnaud, Clelia

doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.05.013

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Cognitive deficits in patients make also more difficult the study of emotional processing, therefore only patients who have shown to be attentive during the whole task have been included in the analysis. Although we are not able to ensure that poor performance is due to lack of attention instead of a memory problem, according to previous research schizophrenia patients show intact priming in a perceptually driven task, similar to that used in our study ( Spataro et al, 2016 ) , while impairments in sustained attention have been described as central to schizophrenia ( Green et al, 2000 ) (). Therefore, probably, most patients presented a deficit in attention during the task rather than a memory problem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Altered brain responses to specific negative emotions in schizophrenia

García-León

Fuentes‐Claramonte

Valiente-Gómez

et al. 2021

NeuroImage: Clinical

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Highlights Scenic stimuli might offer a better understanding of emotional processing than faces. Emotional scenes were presented to schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Schizophrenia patients tend to misclassify emotional images as fear. Schizophrenia patients hyperactivated regions involved in fear and disgust processing. Patients’ brain response did not differ from controls in response to happy and sad scenes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Altered brain responses to specific negative emotions in schizophrenia

García-León

Fuentes‐Claramonte

Valiente-Gómez

et al. 2021

NeuroImage: Clinical

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“…This has led some authors to generalize these results by inferring that the mechanisms associated with consciousness are selectively altered in patients ( Passerieux et al, 1995 ; Besche-Richard et al, 1999 ). A recent meta-analysis has confirmed that priming is only minimally impaired in patients with schizophrenia, with the exception of priming associated with conceptual processes ( Spataro et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Schizophrenia a Disorder of Consciousness? Experimental and Phenomenological Support for Anomalous Unconscious Processing

Giersch

Mishara

2017

Front. Psychol.

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Decades ago, several authors have proposed that disorders in automatic processing lead to intrusive symptoms or abnormal contents in the consciousness of people with schizophrenia. However, since then, studies have mainly highlighted difficulties in patients’ conscious experiencing and processing but rarely explored how unconscious and conscious mechanisms may interact in producing this experience. We report three lines of research, focusing on the processing of spatial frequencies, unpleasant information, and time-event structure that suggest that impairments occur at both the unconscious and conscious level. We argue that focusing on unconscious, physiological and automatic processing of information in patients, while contrasting that processing with conscious processing, is a first required step before understanding how distortions or other impairments emerge at the conscious level. We then indicate that the phenomenological tradition of psychiatry supports a similar claim and provides a theoretical framework helping to understand the relationship between the impairments and clinical symptoms. We base our argument on the presence of disorders in the minimal self in patients with schizophrenia. The minimal self is tacit and non-verbal and refers to the sense of bodily presence. We argue this sense is shaped by unconscious processes, whose alteration may thus affect the feeling of being a unique individual. This justifies a focus on unconscious mechanisms and a distinction from those associated with consciousness.

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“…Both incidental and intentional forgetting are involved in emotional memory control [10,44,45], and deficits in regulating such memories are known to play a key role in the onset of psychopathological disorders [45,46]. In fact, recent neurobiological studies seem to confirm that the brain has the capacity to actively erase memories through the actions of molecular cascades involved in several neuronal functions [22,47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forgetting Unwanted Memories: Active Forgetting and Implications for the Development of Psychological Disorders

Costanzi

Cianfanelli

Santirocchi

et al. 2021

JPM

Self Cite

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Intrusive memories are a common feature of many psychopathologies, and suppression-induced forgetting of unwanted memories appears as a critical ability to preserve mental health. In recent years, biological and cognitive studies converged in revealing that forgetting is due to active processes. Recent neurobiological studies provide evidence on the active role of main neurotransmitter systems in forgetting, suggesting that the brain actively works to suppress retrieval of unwanted memories. On the cognitive side, there is evidence that voluntary and involuntary processes (here termed “intentional” and “incidental” forgetting, respectively) contribute to active forgetting. In intentional forgetting, an inhibitory control mechanism suppresses awareness of unwanted memories at encoding or retrieval. In incidental forgetting, retrieval practice of some memories involuntarily suppresses the retrieval of other related memories. In this review we describe recent findings on deficits in active forgetting observed in psychopathologies, like post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Moreover, we report studies in which the role of neurotransmitter systems, known to be involved in the pathogenesis of mental disorders, has been investigated in active forgetting paradigms. The possibility that biological and cognitive mechanisms of active forgetting could be considered as hallmarks of the early onset of psychopathologies is also discussed.

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Implicit memory in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis

Cited by 12 publications

References 57 publications

Altered brain responses to specific negative emotions in schizophrenia

Altered brain responses to specific negative emotions in schizophrenia

Is Schizophrenia a Disorder of Consciousness? Experimental and Phenomenological Support for Anomalous Unconscious Processing

Forgetting Unwanted Memories: Active Forgetting and Implications for the Development of Psychological Disorders

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