Altered brain responses to specific negative emotions in schizophrenia

García-León, María Ángeles; Fuentes‐Claramonte, Paola; Valiente-Gómez, Alicia; Natividad, Carmen; Salgado‐Pineda, Pilar; Gomar, Jesús J.; Guerrero-Pedraza, Amalia; Portillo, F. J. Martínez; Ortíz-Gil, Jordi; Alonso‐Lana, Silvia; Maristany, Teresa; Raduà, Joaquim; Salvador, Raymond; Sarró, Salvador; Pomarol‐Clotet, Edith

doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102894

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Additionally, corticolimbic hyperactivity in response to neutral stimuli was associated with higher levels of positive symptoms. These findings suggested that the difference in emotional experience ratings between SCZ group and HC in the present study may be more related to the SCZ group’s arousal in response to the cue, or aberrant emotional salience, which was supported by a recent study [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Abnormal ambiguous facial expression recognition in Chinese patients with schizophrenia

Lyu,

Chi,

Wang

et al. 2024

BMC Psychiatry

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Background Patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) exhibit difficulties deficits in recognizing facial expressions with unambiguous valence. However, only a limited number of studies have examined how these patients fare in interpreting facial expressions with ambiguous valence (for example, surprise). Thus, we aimed to explore the influence of emotional background information on the recognition of ambiguous facial expressions in SCZ. Methods A 3 (emotion: negative, neutral, and positive) × 2 (group: healthy controls and SCZ) experimental design was adopted in the present study. The experimental materials consisted of 36 images of negative emotions, 36 images of neutral emotions, 36 images of positive emotions, and 36 images of surprised facial expressions. In each trial, a briefly presented surprised face was preceded by an affective image. Participants (36 SCZ and 36 healthy controls (HC)) were required to rate their emotional experience induced by the surprised facial expressions. Participants’ emotional experience was measured using the 9-point rating scale. The experimental data have been analyzed by conducting analyses of variances (ANOVAs) and correlation analysis. Results First, the SCZ group reported a more positive emotional experience under the positive cued condition compared to the negative cued condition. Meanwhile, the HC group reported the strongest positive emotional experience in the positive cued condition, a moderate experience in the neutral cued condition, and the weakest in the negative cue condition. Second, the SCZ (vs. HC) group showed longer reaction times (RTs) for recognizing surprised facial expressions. The severity of schizophrenia symptoms in the SCZ group was negatively correlated with their rating scores for emotional experience under neutral and positive cued condition. Conclusions Recognition of surprised facial expressions was influenced by background information in both SCZ and HC, and the negative symptoms in SCZ. The present study indicates that the role of background information should be fully considered when examining the ability of SCZ to recognize ambiguous facial expressions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Abnormal ambiguous facial expression recognition in Chinese patients with schizophrenia

Lyu,

Chi,

Wang

et al. 2024

BMC Psychiatry

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“…cortex 78 . In response to briefly exposed facial disgust expressions, reduced fMRI activation of the insula is reported in patients with SZ; moreover, this activation is positively linked to social loneliness and negatively tied with agreeableness 79 .…”

Section: Data Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotions behind a mask: the value of disgust

Pavlova,

Moosavi,

Carbon

et al. 2023

Schizophr

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The impact of face masks on social cognition and interaction became a popular topic due to the long-lasting COVID-19 pandemic. This theme persists in the focus of attention beyond the pandemic, since face covering not only reduces the overall amount of face information available but also introduces biases and prejudices affecting social perception at large. Many questions are still open. One of them is whether gender of beholders affects inferring of emotions covered by face masks. Reading covered faces may be particularly challenging for individuals with mental disorders, most of which are gender-specific. Previous findings are not only sparse, but inconclusive because most research had been conducted online with resulting samples heavily dominated by females. Here in a face-to-face study, females and males were presented with a randomized set of faces covered by masks. In a two-alternative forced-choice paradigm, participants had to indicate facial emotions displayed by posers. In general, the outcome dovetails with earlier findings that face masks affect emotion recognition in a dissimilar way: Inferring some emotions suffers more severely than others, with the most pronounced influence of mask wearing on disgust and close to ceiling recognition of fear and neutral expressions. Contrary to our expectations, however, males were on overall more proficient in emotion recognition. In particular, males substantially excelled in inferring disgust. The findings help to understand gender differences in recognition of disgust, the forgotten emotion of psychiatry, that is of substantial value for a wide range of mental disorders including schizophrenia. Watch Prof. Marina Pavlova discussing this her work and this article: https://vimeo.com/860126397/5966610f49?share=copy.

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“…Negative bias refers to the identification of neutral faces as negative or threatening stimuli 10 . A recent study analyzing brain responses to scenic stimuli in patients with schizophrenia revealed hyper-reactivity to stimuli evoking high arousal negative emotions and a bias toward fear in the recognition of altered emotions 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An exploratory study of the effect of age and gender on face scanning during affect recognition in immersive virtual reality

González-Gualda,

Vicente-Querol,

García

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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A person with impaired emotion recognition is not able to correctly identify facial expressions represented by other individuals. The aim of the present study is to assess eyes gaze and facial emotion recognition in a healthy population using dynamic avatars in immersive virtual reality (IVR). For the first time, the viewing of each area of interest of the face in IVR is studied by gender and age. This work in healthy people is conducted to assess the future usefulness of IVR in patients with deficits in the recognition of facial expressions. Seventy-four healthy volunteers participated in the study. The materials used were a laptop computer, a game controller, and a head-mounted display. Dynamic virtual faces randomly representing the six basic emotions plus neutral expression were used as stimuli. After the virtual human represented an emotion, a response panel was displayed with the seven possible options. Besides storing the hits and misses, the software program internally divided the faces into different areas of interest (AOIs) and recorded how long participants looked at each AOI. As regards the overall accuracy of the participants’ responses, hits decreased from the youngest to the middle-aged and older adults. Also, all three groups spent the highest percentage of time looking at the eyes, but younger adults had the highest percentage. It is also noteworthy that attention to the face compared to the background decreased with age. Moreover, the hits between women and men were remarkably similar and, in fact, there were no statistically significant differences between them. In general, men paid more attention to the eyes than women, but women paid more attention to the forehead and mouth. In contrast to previous work, our study indicates that there are no differences between men and women in facial emotion recognition. Moreover, in line with previous work, the percentage of face viewing time for younger adults is higher than for older adults. However, contrary to earlier studies, older adults look more at the eyes than at the mouth.Consistent with other studies, the eyes are the AOI with the highest percentage of viewing time. For men the most viewed AOI is the eyes for all emotions in both hits and misses. Women look more at the eyes for all emotions, except for joy, fear, and anger on hits. On misses, they look more into the eyes for almost all emotions except surprise and fear.

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Altered brain responses to specific negative emotions in schizophrenia

Cited by 6 publications

References 50 publications

Abnormal ambiguous facial expression recognition in Chinese patients with schizophrenia

Abnormal ambiguous facial expression recognition in Chinese patients with schizophrenia

Emotions behind a mask: the value of disgust

An exploratory study of the effect of age and gender on face scanning during affect recognition in immersive virtual reality

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