Implications territoriales et ethno-culturelles d'une crise volcanique : le cas de l'éruption du Mont Pinatubo aux Philippines

Gaillard, Jean Christophe

doi:10.3406/geo.2002.21620

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…After the 1963 Skopje earthquake, Davis (1977) indicates that most of the Macedonian victims relocated in other regions of the former Yugoslavia went back to their native town less than 2 months after their resettlement because their children could not speak the local language. Similarly, the uniform resettlement programme set up by the Philippine government following the 1991 eruption of Mt Pinatubo and subsequent lahars did not fit all ethnic groups affected by the disaster (Gaillard 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic groups’ response to the 26 December 2004 earthquake and tsunami in Aceh, Indonesia

Gaillard

Clavé

Vibert³

et al. 2008

Nat Hazards

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135

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The 26 December 2004 earthquake and tsunami unfairly hit the different ethnic groups of Aceh, Indonesia. About 170,000 Acehnese and Minangkabau people died in the Northern tip of Sumatra while only 44 Simeulue people passed away in the neighbouring Simeulue island located near the earthquake epicentre. Such a difference in the death toll does not lie in the nature of the hazard but in different human behaviours and ethnic contexts. The present study draws on a contextual framework of analysis where people's behaviour in the face of natural hazards is deeply influenced by the cultural, social, economic and political context. Questionnaire-based surveys among affected communities, key informant interviews and literature reviews show that the people of Simeulue detected the tsunami very early and then escaped to the mountains. On the other hand, Acehnese and Minangkabau people, respectively in the cities of Banda Aceh and Meulaboh, did not anticipate the phenomenon and were thus caught by the waves. The different behaviours of the victims have been commanded by the existence or the absence of a disaster subculture among affected communities as well as by their capacity to protect themselves in facing the tsunami. People's behaviours and the capacity to protect oneself can be further tracked down to a deep tangle of intricate factors which include the armed conflict that has been affecting the province since the 1970s, the historical and cultural heritage and the national political economy system. This paper finally argues that the uneven impact of the 26 December 2004 earthquake and tsunami in Aceh lies in the different daily life conditions of the ethnic groups struck by the disaster.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic groups’ response to the 26 December 2004 earthquake and tsunami in Aceh, Indonesia

Gaillard

Clavé

Vibert³

et al. 2008

Nat Hazards

Self Cite

135

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“…If the whole community is hit by a natural hazard, resistance to cultural changes seems unlikely. The 1991 Mt Pinatubo eruption did not spare any Aeta community (Gaillard, 2006; Gaillard and Leone, 2000; Seitz, 1998, 2000, 2004). All were affected and all the Aetas experienced the evacuation into resettlement centres where contacts with the lowlanders first occurred for the uphill communities.…”

Section: Factors Of Resilience Of Traditional Societies In Facing the Occurrence Of Natural Hazardsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In 1991, the brutal awakening of Mt Pinatubo volcano, in the Philippines, hit the Aeta Negrito communities who previously resided on the slopes of the mountain (Gaillard, 2006; Gaillard and Leone, 2000; Seitz, 1998, 2000, 2004; Shimizu, 1992, 2001). The thick and hot pyroclastic and ash deposits blanketing the highest flanks of the volcano prevented the upland Aetas going back to their ancestral lands and forced them to relocate on the foothills of Mt Pinatubo, which were already occupied by lowland ethnic groups.…”

Section: The Corpus Of Available Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience of traditional societies in facing natural hazards

Gaillard¹

2007

Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal

203

128

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Purpose-This article sets out to address the response of traditional societies in facing natural hazards through the lens of the concept of resilience. Design/methodology/approach-This paper considers that resilient societies are those able to overcome the damage caused by the occurrence of natural hazards, either through maintaining their pre-disaster social fabric, or through accepting marginal or larger change in order to survive. The discussion is based on a review of the corpus of case studies available in the literature. Findings-The present article suggests that the capacity of resilience of traditional societies and the concurrent degree of cultural change rely on four factors, namely: the nature of the hazard, the pre-disaster socio-cultural context and capacity of resilience of the community, the geographical setting, and the rehabilitation policy set up by the authorities. These factors significantly vary in time and space, from one disaster to another. Practical implications-It is important to perceive local variations of the foregoing factors to better anticipate the capability of traditional societies to overcome the damage caused by the occurrence of natural hazards and therefore predict eventual cultural change. Originality/value-This article takes off from the previous vulnerability-driven literature by emphasizing the resilience of traditional societies.

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“…L'étude du processus par le biais d'un retour d'expérience (RETEX) à moyen et long terme permet d'en dégager des règles, et de définir des facteurs contraignants et conditions favorables au regard des objectifs de prévention et de durabilité [Moatty, 2015]. Cette méthode qui combine les enquêtes (entretiens et questionnaires), l'analyse documentaire, et la spatialisation des résultats, est menée plusieurs années après la survenue de la catastrophe pour être en mesure d'analyser les conséquences des processus qui s'étendent sur des décennies [Oliver-Smith, 1991 ;Gaillard, 2002 ;Moatty et al, 2017].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Intégrer une " éthique préventive " dans le processus de relèvement post-catastrophe : résilience, adaptation et " reconstruction préventive "

et al. 2018

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La reconstruction, entendue comme l'ensemble des mesures pour rétablir un fonctionnement acceptable du territoire, est une notion de plus en plus traitée dans la littérature scientifique des risques. Elle peut faire l'objet, sans que cela soit systématique, de stratégies d'adaptation collectives et individuelles, planifiées et spontanées, aux objectifs différents. L'anticipation de la reconstruction est un enjeu majeur pour optimiser le potentiel préventif et pour fluidifier la prise de décision en période post-catastrophe. L'étude des phases du processus par le biais d'un retour d'expérience à moyen et long terme permet d'en dégager des règles et de définir des blocages et leviers d'action au regard des objectifs de la Réduction des Risques de Catastrophe et de l'Adaptation au Changement Climatique pour mettre en œuvre les principes du Développement Durable. Les méthodes d'enquêtes, l'analyse documentaire, et la spatialisation des résultats permettent la collecte des données et leur analyse plusieurs années après la catastrophe. Nous nous appuyons sur l'analyse de 2 reconstructions post-catastrophe : l'Aude (notamment Cuxac-d'Aude) et le Var, suite aux inondations de 1999 et 2010. Des exemples d'adaptations ont été intégrés à la reconstruction mais de manière opportuniste sans véritable stratégie globale. Il ressort que l'événement catastrophique à lui seul ne peut être le déclencheur d'une adaptation au risque et que la mise en œuvre d'une reconstruction préventive ne s'improvise pas : le travail d'anticipation est aussi nécessaire que nécessairement limité par le besoin d'ajustement ad hoc.

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Implications territoriales et ethno-culturelles d'une crise volcanique : le cas de l'éruption du Mont Pinatubo aux Philippines

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Ethnic groups’ response to the 26 December 2004 earthquake and tsunami in Aceh, Indonesia

Ethnic groups’ response to the 26 December 2004 earthquake and tsunami in Aceh, Indonesia

Resilience of traditional societies in facing natural hazards

Intégrer une " éthique préventive " dans le processus de relèvement post-catastrophe : résilience, adaptation et " reconstruction préventive "

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