“…Wink first selected three measures derived from the DSM-III criteria, all of which were theorized to assess the overt form of narcissism: the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (Raskin & Hall, 1979), and two MMPI-based scales. Scores on these measures were found to positively correlate with traits such as ego-expansiveness, selfcenteredness, assertiveness, and impulsivity (Raskin & Novacek, 1989;Raskin & Terry, 1988;Wink & Gough, 1991). Wink (1996 then selected three measures of covert narcissism --the Narcissistic Personality Disorder Scale (Ashby, 1979), the Narcissistic-Hypersensitvity Scale (Serkownek, 1975), and the Ego-Sensitivity Scale (ESS; Pepper, 1985), and identified the traits most commonly associated with them.…”