“…The integration of VR into spatial design has an extensive history, with a multitude of studies delving into the emotional reactions of individuals within virtual spaces (Naz et al, 2017;Shemesh et al, 2022). These investigations have successfully established a clear connection between attributes of VR spaces, such as size, color, light, texture, and shape, as well as their intricate interplay, and the emotional states of humans (Agirachman et al, 2022;Shemesh et al, 2022). In essence, these factors collectively shape the human spatial experience, thereby significantly influencing human emotions.…”