Implementations of two-dimensional liquid chromatography

Guiochon, Georges; Marchetti, Nicola; Mriziq, Khaled S.; Shalliker, R. Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2008.01.086

Cited by 261 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…HPLC has been considered more efficient since the introduction of second dimension HPLC (2D-HPLC), in which all the molecules of all sample components (or a large, constant aliquot of them) migrate along the columns used in the two dimensions of the separation and are eluted from the second column [116]. This is an effective purification technique when the number of substances to be purified is limited.…”

Section: Chromatography and Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Auxin Quantification for Understanding Clonal Tree Propagation

Stuepp

Wendling

Trueman

et al. 2017

Forests

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Qualitative and quantitative hormone analyses have been essential for understanding the metabolic, physiological, and morphological processes that are influenced by plant hormones. Auxins are key hormones in the control of many aspects of plant growth and development and their endogenous levels are considered critical in the process of adventitious root induction. Exogenous auxins are used extensively in the clonal propagation of tree species by cuttings or tissue culture. Understanding of auxin effects has advanced with the development of increasingly accurate methods for auxin quantification. However, auxin analysis has been challenging because auxins typically occur at low concentrations, while compounds that interfere with their detection often occur at high concentrations, in plant tissues. Interference from other compounds has been addressed by extensive purification of plant extracts prior to auxin analysis, although this means that quantification methods have been limited by their expense. This review explores the extraction, purification, and quantification of auxins and the application of these techniques in developing improved methods for the clonal propagation of forestry trees.

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Section: Chromatography and Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Auxin Quantification for Understanding Clonal Tree Propagation

Stuepp

Wendling

Trueman

et al. 2017

Forests

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“…In this configuration, a fraction from the primary column is trapped alternately at the head of one of secondary columns during the loading step in on-column focusing mode; meanwhile, in the other column the components transferred during the previous cut are analyzed. The use of two second-dimensional columns connected by a multi-port valve potentially increases the separation power by 40%, doubling its separation time [1]. The use of commercial columns has alleviated the problem of individual differences of parallel columns, which should have the same characteristics and should provide the same retention times and band widths for the same components in the mixture analyzed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A possible solution to this problem is the use of two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) in which the two dimensions are based on different separation mechanisms [1][2][3]. Various 2D-LC systems were developed after the pioneer experiment of Erni and Frei [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Parallel-Tandem Column Interface in a Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography System

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2011

Chromatographia

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An ion exchange-reversed-phase two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) system was developed based on a newly designed interface. The interface was constructed by alternately connecting tandem columns to one of the parallel separation columns to increase the separation efficiency. Separation on the tandem column does not affect the switching frequency; the valve switching could be maintained at high frequency. The constructed interface could be used in both ambient and elevated temperature modes. Under high-temperature mode, only the tandem column was heated, which simplified the operation, decreased the backpressure, improved the solvent compatibility, and speeded up the separation. Tryptic digestion of four proteins was used to evaluate the performance of the developed system. The peak capacity of the 2D-LC system reached 650 under ambient conditions and 890 under high temperature conditions. When compared with the traditional parallel column interface constructed in this paper, the new interface produced a 60% higher peak capacity.

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“…Higher peak capacity can be obtained than comprehensive 2D-LC because one can devote more time to each second dimension separation. However, offline 2D-LC is much slower [8] and may suffer from poor recovery and compound degradation because the first dimension fractions can be stored in the 1D mobile phase for an extended period of time, especially when buffers with extreme pH are used. In this paper, the focus is on online comprehensive or multiple heart-cutting implementations of 2D-LC.…”

Section: D-lc Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The growing role of two-dimensional LC in the biopharmaceutical industry

Wang¹,

Buckenmaier²,

Stoll³

2017

J Appl Bioanal

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IntroductionOver the past two decades, three major trends have been observed in the bioanalysis world.• First, in liquid chromatography (LC) two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) has emerged as one of the most active areas of technology advancement [1][2][3]. In 2D-LC, a conventional separation is carried out in the first dimension and aliquots of the effluent are collected and injected to a second-dimension column that has very different separation selectivity compared to the first-dimension column. Therefore, much higher peak capacity, and thus resolving power, can be achieved in 2D-LC compared to 1D-LC. This increased resolving power can be used to increase the likelihood of separating a complex mixture, or decrease the time required to fully separate simpler mixtures. In addition, 2D-LC allows the coupling of two completely different separation modes (e.g. reversed-phase and ionic exchange) in one method. This makes it possible to measure multiple attributes of a target analyte in one method instead of two separate methods. Although 2D-LC research has been going on for more than three decades, the speed of innovation and commercialization has accelerated in the last ten years due to efforts at both universities and instrument companies.• Second, Mass Spectrometry (MS) has become an indispensable tool in bioanalysis [4]. The ability of new MS instruments to more accurately characterize large molecules keeps improving. However, several challenges still remain. MS works best with volatile buffers of limited concentration. The ionization suppression effect still occurs when compounds with very different concentrations (e.g. several orders of magnitude) co-elute in chromatographic separations. These challenges to MS make LC separation a critical part of any bioanalysis workflow.• Finally, in the application area, biopharmaceutical research has become the fastest growing area in the pharmaceutical industry. In particular, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are currently the most important class of biotherapeutic molecules. As of 2016, seven of the top-ten-selling drugs were biologics, and six of these were mAb related [5]. In particular, the number one drug Humira (adalimumab) had an annual sales of $15.7 Billion dollars in 2016. Due to the large size of these antibodies at about 150 kDa molecular weight, analyzing them is very challenging. It often takes a suite of analytical tools to fully characterize the molecule and ensure good quality control of drug products involving these molecules. These three trends are developing at the same time and at high speed. It is our opinion that the combination of 2D-LC with MS is emerging as an exciting and essential tool for efficient, high quality biopharmaceutical analysis. In this article, we will discuss examples that demonstrate the power of 2D-LC-MS in this application area.

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Implementations of two-dimensional liquid chromatography

Cited by 261 publications

References 164 publications

The Use of Auxin Quantification for Understanding Clonal Tree Propagation

The Use of Auxin Quantification for Understanding Clonal Tree Propagation

Development of a Parallel-Tandem Column Interface in a Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography System

The growing role of two-dimensional LC in the biopharmaceutical industry

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