Implementation of the Friis Free Space Propagation Model in the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) Routing Protocol in the Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) with Variations of Road Models

Abstract

The use of VANET technology is to create better traffic management. Different road conditions and high mobility of vehicles cause problems in VANET such as efficient search processes, network routes that need to be maintained, and data transmission problems. DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) predefines and generates routes on demand and is designed to work on multihop ad-hoc networks without centralized control. The Friis Free Space propagation model is used to model the Line of Sight (LOS) that occurs in a free space environment. The variation of road models in Indonesia is grouped into four groups, namely express roads, intercity roads, urban roads, and residential roads. In each of these road models, simulation testing is carried out based on different vehicle number scenarios. Network Simulator v3.27 (NS-3.27) and SUMO as a mobility generator were used for the simulation. The parameters of average throughput, packet delivery ratio and MAC/PHY overhead sequentially measure the DSR performance. The results on the express roads with Friis Free Space propagation produce values of 6.52 KBps, 7.71%, 39.59 KBytes. Test results on intercity roads 5.72 KBps, 11.17%, 5.48 KBytes. Test results on urban roads 16.50 KBps, 32.22%, 0.0016 KBytes. While the test results on residential roads were 12.66 KBps, 24.72%, 0.779 KBytes. The test results show that the road model in Indonesia with the performance of the DSR routing protocol with Friis Free Space propagation on the VANET network from the best to the worst, respectively, is the urban road model, residential road model, intercity road model, and express road model.

Two-Tier Cooperation Based High-Reliable and Lightweight Forwarding Strategy in Heterogeneous WBAN

“…Therefore, we plan to solve the above two defects in the next step. First, to give the transmission power consumption closer to the real environment, we will replace the calculation method of power consumption based on the Friis model [57] with various losses L greater than 1, which can measure the actual power consumption in a non-ideal communication state more accurately, and can also well reflect the WBAN data transmission environment with mixed communication channels. Then, we consider using the adaptive weight approach [58] to fuse the related items in the Equation (15).…”