“…The FTIR spectrum of g-C 3 N 4 , the peaks at 1145, 1213, 1393, 1587, and 1648 cm −1 that were ascribed to the stretching modes of CN heterocycles related to skeletal stretching vibrations of aromatic rings, whilst the peak at 810 cm −1 links to breathing mode of the triazine units of nanomaterials (Fig. 6 d) which agrees with the results of Saeed et al 28 . Figure 6 SEM image of the prepared g-C 3 O 4 ( a ), EDS spectrum ( b ), FTIR spectrum ( c ), and XRD patterns ( d ), respectively.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 90%
“…In this study, it was found that the biostimulation of microorganisms using nanomaterials increases their efficiency. Particularly, the nanomaterials biostimulate the activity and the bioresponse of the cells, which agrees with the statements of Saeed et al 28 . Future research will focus on biocement production from agricultural wastes using laser photoactivated nanomaterials, where this photoactivation increases the activity of nanomaterials as described by Attia et al 31 .…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 91%
“…This preparation method was described by Saeed et al 28 , where graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets were prepared using “Thermal Polymerization”. Specifically, 10 g of urea (> 97% Sigma-Aldrich) was ground in a mortar and then dissolved in 15 mL water (Millipore, ultrapure).…”
Environmental issues are brought up concerning the production of Portland cement. As a result, biocement serves as a reliable substitute for Portland cement in green construction projects. This study created a brand-new technique to create high-quality biocement from agricultural wastes. The technique is based on nanomaterials that improve and accelerate the "Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP)" process, which improves the quality of the biocement produced. The mixture was further mixed with the addition of 5 mg/l of graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-C3N4 NSs), alumina nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs), or silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs). The cement: sand ratio was 1:3, the ash: cement ratio was 1:9, and water: cement ratio was 1:2. Cubes molds were prepared, and then cast and compacted. Subsequent de-molding, all specimens were cured in nutrient broth-urea (NBU) media until testing at 28 days. The medium was replenished at an interval of 7 days. The results show that the addition of 5 mg/l of g-C3N4 NSs with corncob ash delivered the highest “Compressive Strength” and the highest “Flexural Strength” of biocement mortar cubes of 18 and 7.6 megapascal (MPa), respectively; and an acceptable “Water Absorption” (5.42%) compared to all other treatments. This treatment delivered a “Compressive Strength”, “Flexural Strength”, and “Water Absorption” reduction of 1.67, 1.26, and 1.21 times the control (standard Portland cement). It was concluded that adding 5 mg/l of g-C3N4 NSs to the cementitious mixture enhances its properties, where the resulting biocement is a promising substitute for conventional Portland cement. Adding nanomaterials to cement reduces its permeability to ions, increasing its strength and durability. The use of these nanomaterials can enhance the performance of concrete infrastructures. The use of nanoparticles is an effective solution to reduce the environmental impact associated with concrete production.
“…The FTIR spectrum of g-C 3 N 4 , the peaks at 1145, 1213, 1393, 1587, and 1648 cm −1 that were ascribed to the stretching modes of CN heterocycles related to skeletal stretching vibrations of aromatic rings, whilst the peak at 810 cm −1 links to breathing mode of the triazine units of nanomaterials (Fig. 6 d) which agrees with the results of Saeed et al 28 . Figure 6 SEM image of the prepared g-C 3 O 4 ( a ), EDS spectrum ( b ), FTIR spectrum ( c ), and XRD patterns ( d ), respectively.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 90%
“…In this study, it was found that the biostimulation of microorganisms using nanomaterials increases their efficiency. Particularly, the nanomaterials biostimulate the activity and the bioresponse of the cells, which agrees with the statements of Saeed et al 28 . Future research will focus on biocement production from agricultural wastes using laser photoactivated nanomaterials, where this photoactivation increases the activity of nanomaterials as described by Attia et al 31 .…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 91%
“…This preparation method was described by Saeed et al 28 , where graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets were prepared using “Thermal Polymerization”. Specifically, 10 g of urea (> 97% Sigma-Aldrich) was ground in a mortar and then dissolved in 15 mL water (Millipore, ultrapure).…”
Environmental issues are brought up concerning the production of Portland cement. As a result, biocement serves as a reliable substitute for Portland cement in green construction projects. This study created a brand-new technique to create high-quality biocement from agricultural wastes. The technique is based on nanomaterials that improve and accelerate the "Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP)" process, which improves the quality of the biocement produced. The mixture was further mixed with the addition of 5 mg/l of graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-C3N4 NSs), alumina nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs), or silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs). The cement: sand ratio was 1:3, the ash: cement ratio was 1:9, and water: cement ratio was 1:2. Cubes molds were prepared, and then cast and compacted. Subsequent de-molding, all specimens were cured in nutrient broth-urea (NBU) media until testing at 28 days. The medium was replenished at an interval of 7 days. The results show that the addition of 5 mg/l of g-C3N4 NSs with corncob ash delivered the highest “Compressive Strength” and the highest “Flexural Strength” of biocement mortar cubes of 18 and 7.6 megapascal (MPa), respectively; and an acceptable “Water Absorption” (5.42%) compared to all other treatments. This treatment delivered a “Compressive Strength”, “Flexural Strength”, and “Water Absorption” reduction of 1.67, 1.26, and 1.21 times the control (standard Portland cement). It was concluded that adding 5 mg/l of g-C3N4 NSs to the cementitious mixture enhances its properties, where the resulting biocement is a promising substitute for conventional Portland cement. Adding nanomaterials to cement reduces its permeability to ions, increasing its strength and durability. The use of these nanomaterials can enhance the performance of concrete infrastructures. The use of nanoparticles is an effective solution to reduce the environmental impact associated with concrete production.
“…Generally, lignocellulosic materials are processed for bioethanol production via three major operations, which include (i) pretreatment for delignification to liberate the cellulose and hemicellulose, (ii) hydrolysis to produce fermentable sugars such as glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose or mannose and (iii) fermentation of reducing sugars. In a very recent study, Saeed et al [ 124 ] used graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) nanomaterials ( Figure 6 A) and laser irradiation ( Figure 6 B) to increase bioethanol production from potato waste. Authors reported that the control sample without laser irradiation or g-C 3 N 4 showed only 4% yield of bioethanol, while the addition of g-C 3 N 4 coupled with laser irradiation increased bioethanol yield to 56.8% ( Figure 6 D).…”
Section: Role Of Nanotechnology In Bioenergy Productionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…( D ) Effect of various processing conditions of g-C 3 N 4 nanoparticles on the production of bioethanol. Reproduced with permission from [ 124 ] Springer Nature and [ 125 ] Elsevier.…”
The issue of global warming calls for a greener energy production approach. To this end, bioenergy has significant greenhouse gas mitigation potential, since it makes use of biological products/wastes and can efficiently counter carbon dioxide emission. However, technologies for biomass processing remain limited due to the structure of biomass and difficulties such as high processing cost, development of harmful inhibitors and detoxification of produced inhibitors that hinder widespread usage. Additionally, cellulose pre-treatment is often required to be amenable for an enzymatic hydrolysis process. Nanotechnology (usage of nanomaterials, in this case) has been employed in recent years to improve bioenergy generation, especially in terms of catalyst and feedstock modification. This review starts with introducing the potential nanomaterials in bioenergy generation such as carbon nanotubes, metal oxides, silica and other novel materials. The role of nanotechnology to assist in bioenergy generation is discussed, particularly from the aspects of enzyme immobilization, biogas production and biohydrogen production. Future applications using nanotechnology to assist in bioenergy generation are also prospected.
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