Implementation Of Conservation Policy Through The Protection Of Life Support System In The Karimunjawa National Park

Abstract

The Karimunjawa National Park as the only one marine protected area in Central Java, managed by zonation system has decreased natural resources in the form of decreasing mangrove forest area, coral cover, sea biota population such as clams and sea cucumbers. Conservation has been done by Karimunjawa National Park Authority through protection of life support system activities in order to protect the area from degradation. The objective of the research is to know the implementation of protection and security activities of Karimunjawa National Park Authority for the period of 2012 - 2016. The research was conducted by qualitative method, processing secondary data from Karimunjawa National Park Authority and interview with key informants. The results showed that protection and security activities in The Karimunjawa National Park were held with three activities: pre-emptive activities, preventive activities and repressive activities. Implementation of conservation policy through protection of life support system is influenced by factors of policy characteristic, resource factor and environmental policy factor. Implementation of conservation policy need support from various parties, not only Karimunjawa National Park Authority as the manager of the area, but also need participation of Jepara Regency, Central Java Provinces, communities, NGOs, researchers, developers and tourism actors to maintain and preserve existing biodiversity. Improving the quality of implementors through education and training activities, the availability of the state budget annually and the support of stakeholders is essential for conservation.

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“…For instance, mangrove losses due to conversion into oil palm plantation and other land uses were observed in the islands of Mentawau (West Sumatra), Lankat (North Sumatra), Bawal (West Kalimantan), Seram (Maluku), Bangka Belitung, and Enggano Bengkulu [67]. The results of this study and previous researches (i.e., [59,68]) indicate that mangroves in Indonesia are still threatened by manmade activities despite an increase in management strategies (i.e., [66,69,70]).…”

“…Conformingly, the results of this study also identified anthropogenic threats (i.e., mangrove cutting, pollution) as the top perceived causes of mangrove degradation. The recognition of human-induced threats to mangroves has been long supported by quantitative researches (i.e., [65,66]) and has been observed not just in Karimunjawa but also in other areas in Indonesia. For instance, mangrove losses due to conversion into oil palm plantation and other land uses were observed in the islands of Mentawau (West Sumatra), Lankat (North Sumatra), Bawal (West Kalimantan), Seram (Maluku), Bangka Belitung, and Enggano Bengkulu [67].…”

“…Meanwhile, the lowest priority is coastal zoning. There is already a strict zonation policy that is being implemented and followed on the island [66] thus, the residents placed this strategy at the bottom of the list (see Table 5). The zonation of the island allows regulatory controls on different uses outlined in the management plan, like issuing permits to harvest some natural resources sustainably and conduct activities related to education and research purposes.…”