Implantable multifunctional black phosphorus nanoformulation-deposited biodegradable scaffold for combinational photothermal/ chemotherapy and wound healing
“…BP can be more easily incorporated into hydrogels, nanofibers and other scaffolds by sonication or electrostatic absorption [ 81 ]. More importantly, due to remarkable photothermal effect, BP-based conductive biomaterials can be used for combinational photothermal therapy and wound healing [ 140 ]. Fig.…”
Section: D Conductive Biomaterials For Wound Healingmentioning
Conductive biomaterials based on conductive polymers, carbon nanomaterials, or conductive inorganic nanomaterials demonstrate great potential in wound healing and skin tissue engineering, owing to the similar conductivity to human skin, good antioxidant and antibacterial activities, electrically controlled drug delivery, and photothermal effect. However, a review highlights the design and application of conductive biomaterials for wound healing and skin tissue engineering is lacking. In this review, the design and fabrication methods of conductive biomaterials with various structural forms including film, nanofiber, membrane, hydrogel, sponge, foam, and acellular dermal matrix for applications in wound healing and skin tissue engineering and the corresponding mechanism in promoting the healing process were summarized. The approaches that conductive biomaterials realize their great value in healing wounds via three main strategies (electrotherapy, wound dressing, and wound assessment) were reviewed. The application of conductive biomaterials as wound dressing when facing different wounds including acute wound and chronic wound (infected wound and diabetic wound) and for wound monitoring is discussed in detail. The challenges and perspectives in designing and developing multifunctional conductive biomaterials are proposed as well.
“…BP can be more easily incorporated into hydrogels, nanofibers and other scaffolds by sonication or electrostatic absorption [ 81 ]. More importantly, due to remarkable photothermal effect, BP-based conductive biomaterials can be used for combinational photothermal therapy and wound healing [ 140 ]. Fig.…”
Section: D Conductive Biomaterials For Wound Healingmentioning
Conductive biomaterials based on conductive polymers, carbon nanomaterials, or conductive inorganic nanomaterials demonstrate great potential in wound healing and skin tissue engineering, owing to the similar conductivity to human skin, good antioxidant and antibacterial activities, electrically controlled drug delivery, and photothermal effect. However, a review highlights the design and application of conductive biomaterials for wound healing and skin tissue engineering is lacking. In this review, the design and fabrication methods of conductive biomaterials with various structural forms including film, nanofiber, membrane, hydrogel, sponge, foam, and acellular dermal matrix for applications in wound healing and skin tissue engineering and the corresponding mechanism in promoting the healing process were summarized. The approaches that conductive biomaterials realize their great value in healing wounds via three main strategies (electrotherapy, wound dressing, and wound assessment) were reviewed. The application of conductive biomaterials as wound dressing when facing different wounds including acute wound and chronic wound (infected wound and diabetic wound) and for wound monitoring is discussed in detail. The challenges and perspectives in designing and developing multifunctional conductive biomaterials are proposed as well.
“…Controlled ultrasonication coupled with liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) is becoming a standard approach for the derivation of 2-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials like graphene and black phosphorus [85] , [86] , [87] , [88] , which have profound use in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields such as wound healing and the development of nano-smart drug delivery systems for multi-mode cancer treatment [89] , [90] . The exfoliation of stacked materials into mono- or few-layer nanosheets is driven by the mechanical action of inertial cavitation, involving short-lived cavitating bubbles undergoing vigorous and dynamic collapse that could radiate shockwaves with velocities up to 4000 m/s [85] .…”
Section: Nanobiomaterials Synthesis Induced By Physical Effectsmentioning
“…The potential effect of BP NSs for enhancing skin regeneration has been explored [163]. The composite scaffolds were prepared by embedding BP-DOX-FA into gelatin-polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibrous scaffolds for melanoma and skin regeneration (Figure 9 (g)).…”
Section: Scaffolds Incorporating Black Phosphorusmentioning
Photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted broad attention as a promising method for cancer therapy with less severe side effects than conventional radiation therapy, chemotherapy and surgical resection. PTT relies on the photoconversion capacity of photothermal agents (PTAs), and a wide variety of nanomaterials have been employed as PTAs for cancer therapy due to their excellent photothermal properties. The PTAs are systematically or locally administered and become enriched in cancer cells to increase ablation efficiency. In recent years, PTAs and three-dimensional scaffolds have been hybridized to realize the local delivery of PTAs for the repeated ablation of cancer cells. Meanwhile, the composite scaffolds can stimulate the reconstruction and regeneration of the functional tissues and organs after ablation of cancer cells. A variety of composite scaffolds of photothermal nanomaterials have been prepared to combine the advantages of different modalities to maximize their therapeutic efficacy with minimal side effects. The synergistic effects make the composite scaffolds attractive for biomedical applications. This review summarizes these latest advances and discusses the future prospects.
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