Implantable Device-Related Infection

VanEpps, J. Scott; Younger, John G.

doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000000692

Cited by 211 publications

(210 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…Medical device-related infections are among the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), causing increased morbidity and mortality on patients, which poses an abundant economic burden on healthcare services [ 1 , 2 ]. The considerable difficulty in the treatment of these infections stems mainly from the microorganisms’ ability to form biofilms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Protective Effect of Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm Matrix against Phage Predation

Melo

Pinto

Oliveira

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Staphylococcus epidermidis is a major causative agent of nosocomial infections, mainly associated with the use of indwelling devices, on which this bacterium forms structures known as biofilms. Due to biofilms’ high tolerance to antibiotics, virulent bacteriophages were previously tested as novel therapeutic agents. However, several staphylococcal bacteriophages were shown to be inefficient against biofilms. In this study, the previously characterized S. epidermidis-specific Sepunavirus phiIBB-SEP1 (SEP1), which has a broad spectrum and high activity against planktonic cells, was evaluated concerning its efficacy against S. epidermidis biofilms. The in vitro biofilm killing assays demonstrated a reduced activity of the phage. To understand the underlying factors impairing SEP1 inefficacy against biofilms, this phage was tested against distinct planktonic and biofilm-derived bacterial populations. Interestingly, SEP1 was able to lyse planktonic cells in different physiological states, suggesting that the inefficacy for biofilm control resulted from the biofilm 3D structure and the protective effect of the matrix. To assess the impact of the biofilm architecture on phage predation, SEP1 was tested in disrupted biofilms resulting in a 2 orders-of-magnitude reduction in the number of viable cells after 6 h of infection. The interaction between SEP1 and the biofilm matrix was further assessed by the addition of matrix to phage particles. Results showed that the matrix did not inactivate phages nor affected phage adsorption. Moreover, confocal laser scanning microscopy data demonstrated that phage infected cells were less predominant in the biofilm regions where the matrix was more abundant. Our results provide compelling evidence indicating that the biofilm matrix can work as a barrier, allowing the bacteria to be hindered from phage infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Protective Effect of Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm Matrix against Phage Predation

Melo

Pinto

Oliveira

et al. 2020

Viruses

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“…Quorum sensing (QS) is a bacterial type of cell–cell communication by which bacteria regulates the expression of specific genes involved in biofilm formation, adhesion, antibiotic synthesis, virulence, swarming, bioluminescence, mating, and tissue damage (Bassler, ; Davies, Parsek, Pearson, Iglewski, & Costerton, ). For example, bacteria sense and regulate the growth of bacterial group via QS effects and form biofilm on implant surface (VanEpps & Younger, ). It contributes to the antimicrobial resistance that leads to the failure of anti‐infection treatment after implant surgery since biofilm not only retards the diffusion of antibiotics, but also prevents pathogenic bacteria from attacking of immune cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic immobilization of a quorum sensing signal hydrolase, AiiA

Wang

Liu

et al. 2019

MicrobiologyOpen

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Magnetic immobilization of quorum sensing (QS) signal hydrolases provides a convenient solution for quenching QS process that is essential for bacterial biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance. In the present study, a QS signal hydrolase, AiiA, was fused with a magnetic protein, MagR, and expressed in Escherichia coli. Magnetic immobilization of AiiA was achieved on Fe3O4‐SiO2 iron beads and was confirmed via SDS‐PAGE, zeta potential measurement, FTIR spectrometry, and SEM analysis. The magnetic immobilized AiiA exhibited activity in degrading the quorum sensing signal, C6‐HSL. This study opens a new avenue to actively immobilize enzymes via magnetic interaction and quench quorum sensing.

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“…The process by which bacteria adhere to, colonize, and infect a device is not fully understood, as it occurs on a multi-length scale and involves several physical, chemical, and biological aspects [137]. Therefore, biomaterial science integrated with nanotechnology and microfabrication could empower the intrinsic ability of some natural and biosynthetic polymers towards safer and better performing biomedical devices.…”

Section: Clinical Relevance and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable Polymeric Micro/Nano-Structures with Intrinsic Antifouling/Antimicrobial Properties: Relevance in Damaged Skin and Other Biomedical Applications

Milazzo

Gallone

Marcello

et al. 2020

JFB

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Bacterial colonization of implanted biomedical devices is the main cause of healthcare-associated infections, estimated to be 8.8 million per year in Europe. Many infections originate from damaged skin, which lets microorganisms exploit injuries and surgical accesses as passageways to reach the implant site and inner organs. Therefore, an effective treatment of skin damage is highly desirable for the success of many biomaterial-related surgical procedures. Due to gained resistance to antibiotics, new antibacterial treatments are becoming vital to control nosocomial infections arising as surgical and post-surgical complications. Surface coatings can avoid biofouling and bacterial colonization thanks to biomaterial inherent properties (e.g., super hydrophobicity), specifically without using drugs, which may cause bacterial resistance. The focus of this review is to highlight the emerging role of degradable polymeric micro- and nano-structures that show intrinsic antifouling and antimicrobial properties, with a special outlook towards biomedical applications dealing with skin and skin damage. The intrinsic properties owned by the biomaterials encompass three main categories: (1) physical–mechanical, (2) chemical, and (3) electrostatic. Clinical relevance in ear prostheses and breast implants is reported. Collecting and discussing the updated outcomes in this field would help the development of better performing biomaterial-based antimicrobial strategies, which are useful to prevent infections.

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Implantable Device-Related Infection

Cited by 211 publications

References 154 publications

The Protective Effect of Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm Matrix against Phage Predation

The Protective Effect of Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm Matrix against Phage Predation

Magnetic immobilization of a quorum sensing signal hydrolase, AiiA

Biodegradable Polymeric Micro/Nano-Structures with Intrinsic Antifouling/Antimicrobial Properties: Relevance in Damaged Skin and Other Biomedical Applications

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