Implantable application of polymer‐based biosensors

Abstract

Implantable sensors offer a great opportunity to extract physiological information from inside the body by real-time monitoring. With the demand for personal healthcare and point-of-care treatment, a long-term stable sensor of excellent mechanical and biological compatibility with human organs is urgently required. In contrast to rigid electronic devices using silicon or metallic materials, soft sensors are realized by flexible polymers in a simple way, endowing the implantable sensor with a tissue-mimetic structure. In this article, we systematically review the development of implantable electronic sensors based on polymer materials. The unique properties of polymers are introduced, followed by their applications in implantable device fabrication.Strategies to integrate polymers with implantable sensors, encompassing device interface, geometry, and integration, are also summarized. Furthermore, biosensing applications of polymer-based implantable devices are described, ranging from physical stimulus monitoring to biochemical analysis in vivo. Finally, we envision how advances in polymer materials may facilitate the development of intelligent sensors with broader applications in vivo.

Wireless Power and DATA Transfer to Deeply-Embedded Biosensors in Human Body

“…Human health and medical issues such as heart diseases and cancer can be addressed via using biosensors in medicine to improve the quality of human life in prospective future [22]. The evolution of biosensors was reviewed in [23], [24] considering their types and the recent approaches employed in their manufacturing processes.…”

Durability of Implanted Low-Density Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Used as a Scaffold for Microencapsulated Molecular Probes inside Small Fish

“…Multiple fields of modern science and technology demand new tools for convenient real-time monitoring of various physiological parameters inside animal tissues [ 1 , 2 ]. Most of the critical parameters are difficult to fully track non-invasively [ 1 , 3 ], and implantable miniaturized sensing tools have drawn more and more attention for these cases [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Various completely implantable sensors may provide a promising compromise between the need for repetitive measurements and minimizing traumas during skin punctures, along with the risk of associated infection.…”

“…Despite a multitude of electronics-based implantable sensors being available [ 4 ], electronics-free alternatives have also been extensively developed due to their generally simpler preparation protocols [ 10 ]. Usually, such alternatives transmit information via light and consist of a fluorescent sensitive component with high selectivity for the parameter of interest and some polymeric carrier [ 6 ].…”

Preparation of MPASP‐PAA/Fe3+ Composite Conductive Hydrogel with Physical and Chemical Double Crosslinking Structure and Its Application in Flexible Strain Sensors

“…So PASP is widely used in water treatment, biomedicine, agriculture, daily chemical and other fields. [15][16][17][18] In this paper, a biodegradable macromolecular crosslinking agent modified polyaspartic acid (MPASP) was obtained by modifying polysuccinimide with ethanolamine and acryloyl chloride, and the MPASP-PAA/Fe 3+ composite conductive hydrogel with physical and chemical double crosslinking structure was prepared by using MPASP as the chemical crosslinking agent and FeCl 3 as the physical crosslinking agent. The Fe 3+ can interact with the carboxylic acid groups to form physical crosslinks, which can increase the toughness of the conductive hydrogel.…”

“…So PASP is widely used in water treatment, biomedicine, agriculture, daily chemical and other fields. [ 15–18 ]…”