Implant surface preparation in the surgical treatment of experimental peri‐implantitis with autogenous bone graft and ePTFE membrane in cynomolgus monkeys

Abstract

The aim of the present investigation was to assess the effect of four implant surface preparation methods used in the surgical treatment of experimental peri-implantitis with autogenous bone graft and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane. The methods were air-powder abrasive unit+citric acid, air-powder abrasive unit, gauze soaked in saline+citric acid, and gauze soaked alternately in chlorhexidine and saline. A total of 64 implants with a titanium plasma-sprayed (TPS) surface was placed in eight cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). After a 3-month period with plaque control, experimental peri-implantitis was induced. A bone loss of 4-6 mm was established after 9-17 months and plaque control was re-implemented. The peri-implantitis defects were surgically exposed, granulation tissue was removed, and each implant surface was prepared by one of the above-mentioned procedures. The defects were then filled with autogenous bone graft particles and covered by an ePTFE membrane. The animals were sacrificed after 6 months. Evaluation by clinical parameters, radiography including quantitative digital subtraction radiography, histology, and stereology did not reveal significant differences between the methods. Almost total bone regeneration and considerable re-osseointegration were obtained irrespective of the method applied. A mean bone-to-implant contact of 39-46% was observed within the defects. Therefore, the present study of implants with a TPS surface in cynomolgus monkeys indicates that the simplest method involving gauze soaked alternately in chlorhexidine and saline should be the preferred implant surface preparation method in the surgical treatment of peri-implantitis involving autogenous bone graft and ePTFE membrane.

In situ dental implant installation after decontamination in a previously peri-implant diseased site: a pilot study

“…The standard peri-implantitis model was employed as the defect model using ligature wires [10,14-16,23]. However, the ligature-induced peri-implantitis model had limitations in that the elements of clot adhesion, wound stability and cellular migration/differentiation patterns could affect the outcome in addition to any proposed effect of the surface contamination [19].…”

Effects of acidic sodium fluoride-treated, commercially pure titanium on periodontal pathogens and rat bone marrow cells

“…During the progression of active peri-implantitis, acute bone resorption occurs around an implant owing to inflammatory response. Numerous bone regenerative materials and methods have been developed, and several studies have shown re-osseointegration around previously infected implants [8][9][10] . However, in most clinical situations, thin connective tissues are observed to surround the infected implants, resulting in separation from the peri-implant bone.…”

Surface Aspects of Titanium Dental Implants

“…Saturated citric acid can also be applied for the decontamination of Ti surfaces in the surgical treatment of peri-implantitis with bone grafts and membranes (Deporter & Todescan, 2001;Schou et al, 2003b). In a comparison of the effects of citric acid and 10% H 2 O 2 , Alhag et al demonstrated that rough surfaces (with an enhanced TiO 2 layer and textured surface; Nobel Biocare AB®, Gothenburg, Sweden) which were plaquecontaminated and cleaned with either solution, can re-osseointegrate (Alhag et al, 2008).…”