“…Versatility in applications has been well proved for Venturis. Venturis have been suggested to be as gas absorption devices (Bauer et al, 1963;Zhou and Smith, 2000;Baawain et al, 2007), bubble generators or gas distributors (Kress, 1972;Huynh et al, 1991;Briens et al, 1992;Havelka et al, 2000;Kawamura et al, 2004), and chemical reactors for the fast reaction inside (Cramers and Beenackers, 2001;Gourich et al, 2005). Liquid-driven type Venturi is often used as gas-inducing devices, such as bubble generators and gas distributors, while gas-driven type Venturi is used as scrubbers (Ali et al, 2013;Gulhane et al, 2015;Zhou et al, 2016;Bal et al, 2019).…”