Impingement Cooling Using the Ionic Wind Generated by a Low-Voltage Piezoelectric Transformer

Johnson, Melissa; Go, David B.

doi:10.3389/fmech.2016.00007

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Ionic wind is of interest in distinct applications such as electrostatic precipitors [1,2], aero-electro-dynamic [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], gas and ionic pumps [20][21][22][23][24][25][26], particle analyzer [27,28], miniaturized heat cooler [29][30][31][32][33] and xerography, i.e. electro-photography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-inception patterns of emitter array/collector systems in DC corona discharge

Lemetayer¹,

Marion²,

Fabre³

et al. 2022

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Multiple emitters systems have been previously used so as to increase charge density in the drift region, many times without producing sensible increment neither in total current nor ionic wind. This contribution focuses on analyzing the detailed physics behind this failure, that is named "multiple emitters un-scalability". It is established that multiple emitters un-scalability is related to the inability of multiple corona discharge inceptions when increasing the emitter number and/or density. This confirms recent findings that corona discharge inception is shielded by electro-static interactions between emitters. This contribution demonstrates that this shielding can be balanced by emitter/collector electrostatic interactions depending on the considered configuration. For sufficiently close collector-emitter distances, ignition starts at the array center, whereas, on the contrary, when the collector is distant, the ignition not only starts at the array's periphery but might also be limited there.It is also demonstrated that emitter/emitter electrostatic interactions can be balanced by emitter/collector ones, depending of their chosen configuration. This lead to a variety of multi-inception patterns, the condition of which are analyzed. Intermediate configurations for which the collector is neither sufficiently close nor distant from the emitter array center provide a variety of multi-inception patterns that are hereby analyzed. Combining finite element computations of multi-inception drift-diffusion modeling with experimental measurements, provides a coherent picture explaining why multiple emitters sources systems do not lead to full ignition, and also exhibit conditions for which it does, leading to multiple emitters scalable systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-inception patterns of emitter array/collector systems in DC corona discharge

Lemetayer¹,

Marion²,

Fabre³

et al. 2022

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…where V in is the input to the primary part, V out is the output at the distal end of the secondary part, k t are k l are transverse and longitudinal piezoelectric coupling coefficients respectively [63], Q is the mechanical quality factor, n is the number of layers, which is n = 1 for the single-layer PT used here, and L and H are the PT's total length and thickness. Piezoelectric resonance of the PT can occur at multiple frequencies [12], and the most efficient electrical-mechanicalelectrical energy conversion occurs when the PT is excited in the vicinity of harmonics of its resonant frequency (piezoelectric resonance), with possible voltage gains on the order of 10 1 -10 3 [1,23,32]. The lowest frequency that has been widely used for voltage transformation is the second harmonic (usually in the range of 50-150 kHz).…”

Section: Pt and Its Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporally resolved measurements of electric field around a piezoelectric transformer using electric-field induced second harmonic (E-FISH) generation

Yang¹,

Barnat²,

Im³

et al. 2022

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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When a piezoelectric transformer (PT) is actuated at its second harmonic frequency by a low input voltage, the generated electric field at the distal end can be sufficient to breakdown the surrounding gas, making them attractive power sources for non-equilibrium plasma generation. Understanding the potential and electric fields produced in the surrounding medium by the PT is important for effectively designing and using PT plasma devices. In this work, the spatiotemporally resolved characteristics of the electric field generated by a PT operating in open air have been investigated using the femtosecond electric field-induced second harmonic generation (E-FISH) method. Electric field components were determined by simultaneously conducting E-FISH measurements with the incident laser polarized in two orthogonal directions relative to the PT crystal. Results of this work demonstrate the spatial distribution of electric field around the PT’s output distal end and how it evolves as a function of time. Notably, the strongest electric field appears on the face of the PT’s distal surface, near the top and bottom edges and decreases by approximately 70% over 3 mm. The time delay between the PT’s input voltage and measured electric field indicates that there is an about 0.45 phase difference between the PT’s input voltage and output signal.

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“…Further efforts are made to develop a lead-free RPT. An example of an RPT device based on Lithium niobate, instead of PZT, is the ionic wind generator proposed in [22,23]. However, currently, no alternative material can reach the performance of PZT in the high voltage RPTs.…”

Section: High Voltage Rptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoelectric Direct Discharge: Devices and Applications

Korzec¹,

Hoppenthaler²,

Nettesheim³

2020

Plasma

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The piezoelectric direct discharge (PDD) is a comparatively new type of atmospheric pressure gaseous discharge for production of cold plasma. The generation of such discharge is possible using the piezoelectric cold plasma generator (PCPG) which comprises the resonant piezoelectric transformer (RPT) with voltage transformation ratio of more than 1000, allowing for reaching the output voltage >10 kV at low input voltage, typically below 25 V. As ionization gas for the PDD, either air or various gas mixtures are used. Despite some similarities with corona discharge and dielectric barrier discharge, the ignition of micro-discharges directly at the ceramic surface makes PDD unique in its physics and application potential. The PDD is used directly, in open discharge structures, mainly for treatment of electrically nonconducting surfaces. It is also applied as a plasma bridge to bias different excitation electrodes, applicable for a broad range of substrate materials. In this review, the most important architectures of the PDD based discharges are presented. The operation principle, the main operational characteristics and the example applications, exploiting the specific properties of the discharge configurations, are discussed. Due to the moderate power achievable by PCPG, of typically less than 10 W, the focus of this review is on applications involving thermally sensitive materials, including food, organic tissues, and liquids.

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Impingement Cooling Using the Ionic Wind Generated by a Low-Voltage Piezoelectric Transformer

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

Multi-inception patterns of emitter array/collector systems in DC corona discharge

Multi-inception patterns of emitter array/collector systems in DC corona discharge

Spatiotemporally resolved measurements of electric field around a piezoelectric transformer using electric-field induced second harmonic (E-FISH) generation

Piezoelectric Direct Discharge: Devices and Applications

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