Impetigo herpetiformis, a very rare form of pustular psoriasis occurring in pregnancy, is potentially serious and aggressive treatment is usually required. We report a case of a patient presenting with two consecutive pregnancies complicated by impetigo herpetiformis. The disease appeared much earlier than the classic third trimester presentation. The first pregnancy was induced because of worsening symptoms, while the second pregnancy ended in a stillbirth. Early diagnosis and treatment of impetigo herpetiformis is essential to reduce both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.
Case ReportA 27-year-old Primigravida presented at 19 weeks' gestation, complaining of a papular skin eruption for the previous three months. This was diagnosed as psoriasis. The patient gave no family history of any skin conditions. At 36 weeks, she presented with a one-week history of malaise, fever, leg pains and worsening of the previously noted generalized skin eruption.On examination, large circinate lesions with superficial pustules at the periphery and central desquamation were noted, mostly on the legs. Some scattered papules, pustules and psoriatic lesions were seen on the elbow and abdomen. A clinical diagnosis of impetigo herpetiformis, also called generalized pustular psoriasis of pregnancy, was made and treatment was commenced with Eucerine cream and oral dosage of 40 mg prednisolone daily. Two biopsies taken from the lesion showed acanthosis, parakeratosis and intraepidermal pustules filled with numerous neutrophils. The immunofluorescence studies were negative for IgG, IgM, IgA, C 3 and fibrinogen. Blood studies showed a leukocytosis of 13.2x10 9 /L (normal range 5-10x10 9 /L) and mild hypocalcemia of 2 mmol/L (normal range 2.2-2.625 mmol/L). In spite of the treatment, the lesions got worse, and so labor was induced at 38 weeks, with the delivery of an infant weighing 3.020 kg, with Apgar scores of 6 and 8 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. Two days postpartum, the lesions began to improve and the patient was discharged home on 5-fluorouracil cream and clobetasol propionate ointment. When she was seen two weeks later, there was a marked improvement in her condition, although new pustular lesions were still appearing. The prednisolone therapy was re-commenced at 40 mg/day for one week, and the dose was gradually reduced over the next four weeks to 5 mg daily. There was some improvement, but since new lesions were still appearing, methotrexate 5 mg once/week orally was commenced and gradually increased to 20 mg weekly. Serial CBC and hepatic panel were performed weekly and vitamin D 50,000 IU daily and vitamin E were given as supplements for three months postpartum. The lesions resolved completely during this period, so methotrexate and prednisolone were gradually tapered off over the next three months.At six months postpartum, all lesions had cleared completely, except for some mild postinflammatory pigmentation. Immediately after discontinuing the treatment, the patient became pregnant again. She had a recurrence of t...