Impeding effect of bubbles on metal transfer in underwater wet FCAW

Yang, Qingyuan; Han, Yingchun; Jia, Chuanbao; Dong, Shengfa; Wu, Chuansong

doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2019.08.013

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The same factor was responsible for higher abrasive wear resistance of layers welded inthe air. The water, as a welding environment, increased the cooling rate, which generated brittle structures [27][28][29][30][31]35,38] with lower wear resistance.…”

Section: Hardness Hv10 Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This process is carried out in direct contact with water and can be performedusing different methods, e.g., by the self-shielded flux-cored arc welding (FCAW-S) method [27][28][29]. The FCAW-S process does not require the use of shielding gas, and it is easy to automate and train welders [23,[27][28][29][30]. However, manual metal arc (MMA) welding is still the most commonly used as an underwater welding process [31,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Abrasive Wear Resistance of Coatings Manufactured on High-Strength Low-Alloy (HSLA) Offshore Steel in Wet Welding Conditions

2020

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Some marine and offshore structure elements exploited in the water cannot be brought to the surface of the water as this will generate high costs, and for this reason, they require in-situ repairs. One of the repair techniques used in underwater pad welding conditions is a wet welding method. This paper presents an investigation of the abrasive wear resistance of coatings made in wet welding conditions with the use of two grades of covered electrodes—an electrode for underwater welding and a commercial general use electrode. Both electrodes were also used for manufacturing coatings in the air, which has been also tested. The Vickers HV10 hardness measurements are performed to demonstrate the correlation in abrasive wear resistance and the hardness of each specimen. The microscopic testing was performed. For both filler materials, the coatings prepared in a water environment are characterized by higher resistance to metal–mineral abrasion than coatings prepared in an air environment—0.61 vs. 0.44 for commercial usage electrode and 0.67 vs. 0.60 for underwater welding. We also proved that in the water, the abrasive wear was greater for specimens welded by the general use electrode, which results in a higher hardness of the layer surface. In the air welding conditions, the layer welded by the electrode for use in the water was characterized by a lower hardness and higher resistance to metal–mineral abrasion. The microstructure of the prepared layers is different for both the environment and both electrodes, which results in abrasive wear resistance.

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Section: Hardness Hv10 Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Abrasive Wear Resistance of Coatings Manufactured on High-Strength Low-Alloy (HSLA) Offshore Steel in Wet Welding Conditions

2020

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“…Is excellent, but the remainder must be managed so that the weld is successful. To avoid unneeded modifications, this must be done in a tightly controlled setting [15].…”

Section: G Droplet and Bubble Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Recent Progress in Performance and Property Improvement in Underwater Welding

Bakrewal¹

2021

IJRASET

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Underwater welding is the process of connecting materials underwater in the presence of water. It is used to maintain and improve the structure in marine and offshore applications. It's utilized for underwater pipeline maintenance, submerged offshore oil drilling, and ship repairs. It can also be found in nuclear power plants and deep-sea mining. Underwater welding is divided into two categories dry welding and wet welding. Dry welding entails enclosing the weld zone in a hyperbaric tank filled with a gas mixture and welding at the prevailing pressure. Wet welding is a type of welding that uses waterproof electrodes and is done directly on the component to be welded. The major benefit of this welding is its simplicity and cost effectiveness, but we can't obtain high weld quality as easily as we can with dry welding. Dry welding, on the other hand, may provide high weld quality, but it is a time-consuming procedure that needs the welder to secure the region with the hyperbaric vessel, and it is also a costly method. Underwater welding has a number of issues, including bubble arc generation, cold cracking, microstructural deformation, and more. We attempted to bring together the most recent developments in the field of underwater welding. We've outlined several techniques that were used to improve welding characteristics as well as important issues that must be addressed. This review article may be used to figure out what measures need to be taken to enhance the underwater weld joint quality. Keywords: Underwater welding, underwater wet welding, underwater dry welding, hyperbaric vessel, underwater welding development

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“…Guo et al observed four fundamental transfer modes in underwater FCAW: the globular repelled transfer mode, the surface tension transfer mode, the explosive short-circuit transfer mode and the "submerged arc transfer mode" pointing out that the previous two were the main transfer modes [10]. Jia et al proposed the impeding effect of arc bubbles on droplet transfer process [11]. Chen et al studied the behaviors and characteristics of arc bubble by an in-situ X-ray method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Filling Rate on Underwater Wet Welding Process and Weld Appearance

Zhang

Guo

et al. 2020

Materials

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Real-time electric signal, matter transfer mode and welding pool behavior were obtained to investigate the effect of wires’ filling rate on arc stability and joints’ appearance during underwater wet flux-cored arc welding (FCAW). The electric signal results showed that arc stability first decreased and then increased rapidly because the raise of filling rate affected the number of charged particles and the electrical conductivity of welding arc atmosphere. Two typical transfer modes, globular repelled transfer mode and surface tension transfer mode, were observed in this study. The ratio of surface tension transition could be increased by adding wires’ filling rate. Meanwhile, the geometry of molten pool was changed and the distance between droplets to welding pool reduced as the filling rate increased. The fusion line became more regular and the radius of curvature increased under the effect of bubbles in the molten pool. As the filling rate improving, more slags on the welds surface were acquired and the welds were much flatter and smoother.

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Impeding effect of bubbles on metal transfer in underwater wet FCAW

Cited by 29 publications

References 17 publications

The Abrasive Wear Resistance of Coatings Manufactured on High-Strength Low-Alloy (HSLA) Offshore Steel in Wet Welding Conditions

The Abrasive Wear Resistance of Coatings Manufactured on High-Strength Low-Alloy (HSLA) Offshore Steel in Wet Welding Conditions

A Recent Progress in Performance and Property Improvement in Underwater Welding

Effect of Filling Rate on Underwater Wet Welding Process and Weld Appearance

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