Underwater welding is the process of connecting materials underwater in the presence of water. It is used to maintain and improve the structure in marine and offshore applications. It's utilized for underwater pipeline maintenance, submerged offshore oil drilling, and ship repairs. It can also be found in nuclear power plants and deep-sea mining. Underwater welding is divided into two categories dry welding and wet welding. Dry welding entails enclosing the weld zone in a hyperbaric tank filled with a gas mixture and welding at the prevailing pressure. Wet welding is a type of welding that uses waterproof electrodes and is done directly on the component to be welded. The major benefit of this welding is its simplicity and cost effectiveness, but we can't obtain high weld quality as easily as we can with dry welding. Dry welding, on the other hand, may provide high weld quality, but it is a time-consuming procedure that needs the welder to secure the region with the hyperbaric vessel, and it is also a costly method. Underwater welding has a number of issues, including bubble arc generation, cold cracking, microstructural deformation, and more. We attempted to bring together the most recent developments in the field of underwater welding. We've outlined several techniques that were used to improve welding characteristics as well as important issues that must be addressed. This review article may be used to figure out what measures need to be taken to enhance the underwater weld joint quality. Keywords: Underwater welding, underwater wet welding, underwater dry welding, hyperbaric vessel, underwater welding development

The Investment casting (IC) method is now used to make all precision components in the medical, hydropower, defence, car, and other sectors. IC has a wide range of applications and is well-known for its ability to make complex near-net form items with great dimensional precision and surface polish. Various scholars are making ongoing efforts to investigate the topic of investment casting. This publication offers a comprehensive survey of the studies in this vast topic. It emphasises improvements in the earliest stages of the investment casting process. It focuses on pattern creation improvements, mould composition, casting materials, and typical flaws, as well as preventative actions. Keywords: Investment casting, Pattern modelling, Mould, TiAl alloys, defects

Our project aims to increase the efficiency of industries and help to automate the manufacturing process and other day-to-day industrial activities. Right now automation is not that widespread among industries because of cost and other technical issues. We designed an industrial robotic arm. We have used specific materials to give long life and durability to the product. One of the most important motivations to design this product was to make it cost-efficient so that it can be used by small and medium enterprises who have left aside in competition. We have used high modulus carbon fibre, aluminium metal matrix composites, carbon fibre reinforced plastic, and aluminium foreign casting alloy 222. We have designed the model on fusion 360 software with appropriate dimensions. We have also looked carefully at the competitions which we are going to face in near future and have carefully planned the strategy to increase our market share slowly and steadily. Keywords: CAE Analysis, CAD, FMEA, TRIZ, NPD