Impediment of selenite-induced cataract in rats by combinatorial drug laden liposomal preparation

Abstract

Cataract is the leading cause of blindness globally with surgery being the only form of treatment. But cataract surgery is accompanied by complications, chiefly intra-ocular infections. Hence, preventive nanoformulations may be extremely beneficial. In the present study, novel chitosan-coated liposomal formulations encapsulating a combination of drugs, lanosterol and hesperetin were prepared and characterized. The combinatorial liposomes were prepared by thin film evaporation active extrusion method. The characterization of liposomes was done by transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, stability, cytotoxicity and in vitro release studies. The main difference between the chitosan-coated and uncoated combinatorial liposomes is the release of drugs as indicated by the in vitro release studies. The slow and sustained release of the drugs from chitosan-coated ones as against the burst release from uncoated indicates an increased retention time for combinatorial drugs in cornea. This leads to a delay in progression of cataract as seen from in vivo studies. Cytotoxicity studies indicate no cell toxicity of the coating of chitosan or the combination of drugs. Stability studies indicate that there were almost no changes in size, zeta potential and polydispersity index values of the combinatorial liposomes upon storage at room temperature for 60 days. Another important study is the estimation of antioxidant defense system. The estimated values of glutathione reductase, malondialdehyde and chief antioxidant enzymes point toward an upregulation of antioxidant defense system. From the results, it may be concluded that novel chitosan-coated combinatorial liposomes are effective in delaying or preventing of cataract.

Combined treatment with ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction technique and NM-aFGF-loaded PEG-nanoliposomes protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy-induced oxidative stress by activating the AKT/GSK-3β1/Nrf-2 pathway

“…In addition, the dynamic light scattering results revealed that the average particle size of the blank and NM-aFGF-PEG-lips was 83.97 ± 1.31 nm and 125 ± 2.14 nm, respectively ( Figure 2(C) ). The zeta potential measurements were extremely significant for the functional performance of the nanoliposomes (Huang et al., 2019 ). The zeta potential values of the blank and NM-aFGF loaded liposomes were −32.3 ± 1.3 and −23.7 ± 1.1, respectively, suggesting that the liposomes may be stable with minimal aggregation.…”

The Intravitreal Injection of Lanosterol Nanoparticles Rescues Lens Structure Collapse at an Early Stage in Shumiya Cataract Rats

“…Furthermore, lanosterol has been shown to play a protective role in the early stages of crystallin denaturation and lens epithelial cell apoptosis by oxidative-damage-induced UV-B exposure [7]. Additionally, the combination of lanosterol and hesperetin is effective in delaying the onset of selenite-induced cataracts [8]. On the other hand, a previous study also reported that lanosterol increases lens transparency in both rabbit cataractous lenses and in vivo dog experiments [3].…”

“…Recently, it was reported that the administration of lanosterol plays a protective role in the early stages of crystallin denaturation and lens epithelial cell apoptosis by oxidative-damage-induced UV-B exposure [7]. Huang et al showed that a combination of lanosterol and hesperetin is effective in delaying selenite-induced cataracts [8]. However, lanosterol has limited solubility, and it is difficult to design ophthalmic formulations that can deliver lanosterol into the lens.…”

“…Recently, the biodegradable polymer most commonly used in drug-release systems was poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA); PLGA is also the preferred polymer in the synthesis of nano DDSs. Chitosan-coated liposomal formulations encapsulating a combination of lanosterol and hesperetin were also prepared by Huang et al [8]. Thus, DDSs using nanotechnology are useful for designing formulations of insoluble drugs.…”

Chitosan and its Derivatives for Ocular Delivery Formulations: Recent Advances and Developments

“…Regarding the release of the drug, a slower release and diffusion of the drug was observed owing to the presence of the coating. Huang et al also used TMCS to coat lanosterol and hesperetin-loaded liposomes for cataract prevention and treatment [308]. The coated liposomes exhibited a slightly decreased encapsulation efficiency compared to the uncoated one.…”